The Effect of Different Treatment Regimens and Multiple Risk Factors on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes among Syphilis-Seropositive Women in Guangzhou: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Table 3
Demographic and clinical characteristics of pregnant women with syphilis (, %).
Characteristic
Total sample ()
Adverse pregnancy outcomes
No ()
Yes ()
value
value
Mother’s age in years
8.885
0.012
≤24
586 (16.9)
398 (15.7)
188 (19.9)
25~34
1922 (55.3)
1408 (55.7)
514 (54.3)
≥35
966 (27.8)
721 (28.5)
245 (25.9)
Marital status
23.207
<0.001
Married
3018 (86.9)
2238 (88.6)
780 (82.4)
Unmarried
456 (13.1)
289 (11.4)
167 (17.6)
Ethnicity
1.923
0.166
Han
3250 (93.6)
2373 (93.9)
877 (92.6)
Others
224 (6.5)
154 (6.1)
70 (7.4)
Educational attainment
11.701
0.008
Bachelor or above
413 (13.2)
321 (14.0)
92 (10.9)
High school
872 (27.8)
632 (27.6)
240 (28.4)
Middle school
1484 (47.3)
1092 (47.7)
392 (46.4)
Primary school or below
367 (11.7)
246 (10.7)
121 (14.3)
Employed
1.148
0.701
Yes
973 (34.8)
712 (34.6)
261 (35.4)
No
1824 (65.2)
1347 (65.4)
477 (64.6)
Migrant resident
0.285
0.593
No
1084 (31.2)
795 (31.5)
289 (30.5)
Yes
2390 (68.8)
1732 (68.5)
658 (69.5)
Primipara
2.722
0.099
Yes
1230 (35.4)
874 (34.6)
356 (37.6)
No
2244 (64.6)
1653 (65.4)
591 (62.4)
History of APOs
0.689
0.406
No
3202 (92.2)
2335 (92.4)
867 (91.6)
Yes
272 (7.8)
192 (7.6)
80 (8.5)
History of syphilis infections
6.561
0.010
No
2017 (58.1)
1434 (56.8)
583 (61.6)
Yes
1457 (41.9)
1093 (43.3)
364 (38.4)
Maternal syphilis stage
0.413
0.814
Latent
2729 (78.6)
1992 (78.8)
737 (77.8)
Stages I-III
184 (5.3)
132 (5.2)
52 (5.5)
Unknown
561 (16.2)
403 (16.0)
158 (16.7)
Partner’s current syphilis status
19.598
<0.001
Negative
855 (24.6)
670 (26.5)
185 (19.5)
Positive
241 (6.9)
179 (7.1)
62 (6.6)
Unknown
2378 (68.5)
1678 (66.4)
700 (73.9)
Gestational week at syphilis diagnosis ()
1.420
0.156
Gestational week at treatment initiation ()
0.497
0.560
Syphilis treatment during pregnancy
183.967
<0.001
WHO-recommended treatment
897 (25.8)
592 (23.4)
305 (32.2)
China-recommended treatment
1897 (54.6)
1541 (61.0)
356 (37.6)
Alternatives to penicillin treatment
100 (2.9)
76 (3.0)
24 (2.5)
No treatment
580 (16.7)
318 (12.6)
262 (27.7)
Log2 titers of TRUST before treatment ()
8.453
<0.001
Mode of delivery
50.051
<0.001
Spontaneous labor
1834 (58.4)
1461 (57.8)
373 (60.8)
Elective Caesarean section
755 (24.0)
665 (26.3)
90 (14.7)
Emergency Caesarean section
552 (17.6)
401 (15.9)
151 (24.6)
Gestational age at delivery in weeks ()
16.618
<0.001
Birth weight in grams ()
35.866
<0.001
Newborn’s sex
4.724
0.030
Girl
1427 (45.4)
1124 (44.5)
303 (49.4)
Boy
1714 (54.6)
1403 (55.5)
311 (50.7)
APOs included spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and preterm birth. CI: confidence interval; SD: standard deviation; APOs: adverse pregnancy outcomes; TRUST: toluidine red unheated serum test.
