(-)-cis-Carveol, a Natural Compound, Improves β-Amyloid-Peptide 1-42-Induced Memory Impairment and Oxidative Stress in the Rat Hippocampus

Figure 2

Effects of the inhaled carveol (1% and 3%) on (a) the SAP (%) in the Y-maze task and on (b) the working memory errors and (c) the reference memory errors during 7 days training in the radial arm maze task in the Aβ1-42-treated rats. Values are the ( animals per group). For Tukey’s post hoc analyses: (a) control vs. Aβ1-42+Donepezil—^#, control vs. Aβ1-42—^##, Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol1%—^###, and Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol3%—^###; (b) control vs. Aβ1-42+Donepezil—^###, control vs. Aβ1-42—^###, Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol1%—^###, and Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol3%—^###; (c) control vs. Aβ1-42+Donepezil—^###, control vs. Aβ1-42—^##, Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol1%—^##, and Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol3%—^##.

(a)

(b)

(c)