(-)-cis-Carveol, a Natural Compound, Improves β-Amyloid-Peptide 1-42-Induced Memory Impairment and Oxidative Stress in the Rat Hippocampus

Figure 3

Effects of the inhaled carveol (1% and 3%) on (a) the AChE, (b) SOD, and (c) GPX specific activities and (d) the total content of reduced GSH, (e) protein carbonyl, and (f) MDA levels estimated in the rat hippocampal homogenates of the Aβ1-42-treated rats. Values are the ( animals per group). For Tukey’s post hoc analyses: (a) control vs. Aβ1-42—^#, control vs. Aβ1-42+Donepezil—^##, and Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol1%—^#; (b) control vs. Aβ1-42—^###, control vs. Aβ1-42+Donepezil—^##, Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol1%—^##, and Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol3%—^##; (c) control vs. Aβ1-42—^###, control vs. Aβ1-42+Donepezil—^##, Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol1%—^##, and Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol3%—^###; (d) control vs. Aβ1-42—^##, control vs. Aβ1-42+Donepezil—^###, Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol1%—^#, and Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol3%—^##; (e) control vs. Aβ1-42—^###, control vs. Aβ1-42+Donepezil—^###, Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol1%—^#, and Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol3%—^##; (f) control vs. Aβ1-42—^###, control vs. Aβ1-42+Donepezil—^###, Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol1%—^###, and Aβ1-42 vs. Aβ1-42+Carveol3%—^###.

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