Research Article
α-Glucosidase Inhibitor Can Effectively Inhibit the Risk of Tuberculosis in Patients with Diabetes: A Nested Case-Control Study
Table 3
Adjusted incidence rate ratio of diabetes in patients with and without tuberculosis.
| | No. of TB infection events | Observed person-months | Incidence density (95% CI) per 1000 person-months | IRR (95% CI) |
| | Sulfonylureas | | None used | 558 | 153578 | 3.63 (3.33-3.94) | Reference | | Low concentration | 716 | 183274 | 3.91 (3.61-4.20) | 1.154 (0.995-1.338) | | High concentration | 282 | 117858 | 2.39 (2.11-2.68) | 0.858 (0.698-1.055) | | Biguanides | | None used | 540 | 143596 | 3.76 (3.44-4.08) | Reference | | Low concentration | 756 | 196441 | 3.85 (3.57-4.13) | 1.032 (0.887-1.200) | | High concentration | 260 | 114673 | 2.27 (1.99-2.55) | 0.904 (0.732-1.117) | | Meglitinide | | None used | 1270 | 370406 | 3.43 (3.24-3.62) | Reference | | Low concentration | 179 | 47573 | 3.76 (3.20-4.33) | 0.960 (0.809-1.138) | | High concentration | 107 | 36731 | 2.91 (2.35-3.48) | 0.823 (0.666-1.016) | | α-Glucosidase inhibitor | | None used | 1229 | 331859 | 3.70 (3.49-3.91) | Reference | | Low concentration | 213 | 73628 | 2.89 (2.50-3.29) | 0.810 (0.693-0.948) | | High concentration | 114 | 49223 | 2.32 (1.88-2.75) | 0.805 (0.651-0.995) | | Thiazolidinediones | | None used | 1206 | 331516 | 3.64 (3.43-3.85) | Reference | | Low concentration | 217 | 65440 | 3.32 (2.87-3.77) | 0.927 (0.789-1.087) | | High concentration | 133 | 57754 | 2.30 (1.90-2.70) | 0.874 (0.707-1.079) | | Urbanization level | | Highly urbanization | 376 | 129137 | 2.91 (2.61-3.21) | 1.039 (0.901-1.198) | | Moderate urbanization | 408 | 135752 | 3.01 (2.71-3.30) | Reference | | Emerging town | 260 | 68955 | 3.77 (3.30-4.24) | 1.105 (0.943-1.294) | | General town | 241 | 65674 | 3.67 (3.20-4.14) | 1.03 (0.872-1.216) | | Aged township | 68 | 12801 | 5.31 (4.02-6.60) | 1.215 (0.927-1.593) | | Agricultural town | 113 | 23849 | 4.74 (3.85-5.63) | 1.206 (0.968-1.502) | | Remote township | 90 | 18542 | 4.85 (3.83-5.88) | 1.04 (0.823-1.316) | | Length of hospital stay | | 0 | 1386 | 423812 | 3.27 (3.09-3.45) | Reference | | 1-30 | 132 | 26204 | 5.04 (4.16-5.91) | 1.164 (0.967-1.403) | | 31-60 | 19 | 2927 | 6.49 (3.51-9.47) | 1.959 (1.236-3.104) | | ≥61 | 19 | 1767 | 10.75 (5.82-15.69) | 1.636 (1.026-2.606) | | Low income | | No | 610 | 34538 | 3.53 (3.25-3.82) | Reference | | Yes | 958 | 282011 | 3.40 (3.18-3.62) | 0.997 (0.891-1.116) | | Comorbidity (reference: without) | | Syphilis | 42 | 2029 | 20.70 (14.31-27.09) | 4.599 (2.510-8.427) | | Gonococcal infections | 7 | 549 | 12.75 (3.11-22.39) | 0.184 (0.073-0.466) | | Venereal diseases | 26 | 1181 | 22.02 (13.38-30.65) | 0.428 (0.212-0.866) | | Bacterial, viral, and fungal pneumonias | 945 | 55339 | 17.08 (15.97-18.19) | 2.909 (2.531-3.344) | | Empyema | 25 | 1072 | 23.32 (13.99-32.65) | 1.124 (0.748-1.690) | | Emphysema | 58 | 3295 | 17.60 (12.98-22.23) | 0.707 (0.537-0.931) | | COPD | 949 | 53283 | 17.81 (16.65-18.97) | 3.208 (2.777-3.706) | | Chronic kidney disease | 382 | 23878 | 16.00 (14.36-17.64) | 1.375 (1.210-1.562) | | Chronic hepatitis | 633 | 36096 | 17.54 (16.14-18.93) | 1.907 (1.696-2.144) | | Intestinal malabsorption | 7 | 593 | 11.80 (2.88-20.73) | 1.183 (0.544-2.575) | | Ulcerative colitis | 10 | 510 | 19.61 (7.210-32.01) | 1.204 (0.627-2.309) | | Regional enteritis | 95 | 5361 | 17.72 (14.08-21.36) | 1.282 (1.034-1.590) | | Gastrectomy | 5 | 212 | 23.58 (2.49-44.68) | 2.986 (1.209-7.373) | | Malignant disease | 592 | 35611 | 16.62 (15.26-17.99) | 1.646 (1.463-1.852) | | Rheumatoid arthritis | 137 | 8079 | 16.96 (14.06-19.86) | 1.475 (1.224-1.777) | | Immune mechanism | 22 | 1543 | 14.26 (8.18-20.34) | 1.026 (0.660-1.595) | | Psoriasis | 61 | 3542 | 17.22 (12.81-21.63) | 1.317 (1.014-1.709) | | Comorbidity (reference: without) | | Syphilis | 42 | 2029 | 20.70 | 4.599 (2.510-8.427) | | Gonococcal infections | 7 | 549 | 12.75 | 0.184 (0.073-0.466) | | Venereal diseases | 26 | 1181 | 22.02 | 0.428 (0.212-0.866) | | Bacterial, viral, and fungal pneumonias | 945 | 55339 | 17.08 | 2.909 (2.531-3.344) | | Empyema | 25 | 1072 | 23.32 | 1.124 (0.748-1.690) | | Emphysema | 58 | 3295 | 17.60 | 0.707 (0.537-0.931) | | COPD | 949 | 53283 | 17.81 | 3.208 (2.777-3.706) | | Chronic kidney disease | 382 | 23878 | 16.00 | 1.375 (1.210-1.562) | | Chronic hepatitis | 633 | 36096 | 17.54 | 1.907 (1.696-2.144) | | Intestinal malabsorption | 7 | 593 | 11.80 | 1.183 (0.544-2.575) | | Ulcerative colitis | 10 | 510 | 19.61 | 1.204 (0.627-2.309) | | Regional enteritis | 95 | 5361 | 17.72 | 1.282 (1.034-1.590) | | Gastrectomy | 5 | 212 | 23.58 | 2.986 (1.209-7.373) | | Malignant disease | 592 | 35611 | 16.62 | 1.646 (1.463-1.852) | | Rheumatoid arthritis | 137 | 8079 | 16.96 | 1.475 (1.224-1.777) | | Immune mechanism | 22 | 1543 | 14.26 | 1.026 (0.660-1.595) | | Psoriasis | 61 | 3542 | 17.22 | 1.317 (1.014-1.709) |
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Abbreviation: IRR: incidence rate ratio. Multiple Poisson regression model: adjusted for sex, age, urbanization level, length of hospital stay, low income, and comorbidity. Poisson regression model: adjusted for sex, age, urbanization level, length of hospital stay, low income, and comorbidity.
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