The Classification of the Persistent Infection Risk for Human Papillomavirus among HIV-Negative Men Who Have Sex with Men: Trajectory Model Analysis

Table 3

Comparison of the demographic and the sex behavior characteristics between the three HPV trend groups as suggested by GBTM among 361 HIVnegative MSM in Urumqi, China.

	Total ( =361)	Three HPV trend groups [ (%)]				value
		DG ( =161)	FG ( =179)	IG ( =21)
Demographic characteristics
Age (years)
18~	170 (47.1)	75 (46.6)	84 (46.9)	11 (52.4)	6.865	0.138
30~	129 (35.7)	66 (41.0)	58 (32.4)	5 (23.8)
40~	62 (17.2)	20 (12.4)	37 (20.7)	5 (23.8)
Median (range)	30 (18-52)	30 (18-47)	30 (18-52)	29 (22-46)
City of residence
Urumqi	198 (54.8)	89 (55.3)	100 (55.9)	9 (42.9)	1.311	0.531
Non-Urumqi	163 (45.2)	72 (44.7)	79 (44.1)	12 (57.1)
Ethnicity
Han ethnicity	327 (91.0)	153 (95.0)	157 (87.7)	17 (81.0)	8.150	0.014
Minority ethnicity	34 (9.0)	8 (5.0)	22 (12.3)	4 (19.0)
Years of school^a
<12	66 (18.3)	25 (15.5)	35 (19.6)	6 (28.6)	1.847	0.397
13–15	108 (29.9)	49 (30.4)	53 (29.6)	6 (28.6)
>16	187 (51.8)	87 (54.0)	91 (50.8)	9 (42.9)
Marital status^b
Unmarried	269 (74.5)	128 (79.5)	127 (70.9)	14 (66.7)	7.741	0.102
Married	65 (18.0)	25 (15.5)	37 (20.7)	3 (14.3)
Divorced or widowed	27 (7.5)	8 (5.0)	15 (8.4)	4 (19.0)
Employment status
Employed	250 (86.5)	138 (85.7)	151 (84.4)	20 (95.2)	1.509	0.474
Unemployed	39 (13.5)	23 (14.4)	28 (15.6)	1(4.8)
Monthly income (yuan)^a
≤1000	31 (8.6)	10 (6.2)	20 (11.2)	1 (4.8)	3.285	0.193
1001–5000	180 (49.8)	80 (49.7)	85 (47.5)	15 (71.4)
5001–9999	119 (33.0)	52 (32.3)	63 (35.2)	4 (19.0)
≥10000	31 (8.6)	19 (11.8)	11 (6.1)	1 (4.8)
Sex behavior characteristics
Age at sexual debut (years)^a
<20	150 (41.6)	65 (40.4)	78 (43.6)	7 (33.3)	0.330	0.848
20–24	146 (40.4)	67 (41.6)	68 (38.0)	11 (52.4)
>25	65 (18.0)	29 (18.0)	33 (18.4)	3 (14.3)
Median (range)	20 (13-35)	20 (13-33)	20 (13-35)	20 (15-29)
Self-reported sexual orientation
Homosexual	303 (83.9)	138 (85.7)	148 (82.7)	17 (81.0)	0.878	0.633
Heterosexual and other	58 (16.1)	23 (14.3)	31 (17.3)	4 (19.0)
Pattern of anal intercourse
Mainly insertive	240 (66.5)	121 (75.2)	108 (60.3)	11 (52.4)	10.491	0.005
Mainly receptive	121 (33.5)	40 (24.8)	71 (39.7)	10 (47.6)
Frequency of condom use for anal sex in the past 6 months
Sometimes	122 (33.8)	39 (24.2)	72 (40.2)	11 (52.4)	13.255	0.001
Always	239 (66.2)	122 (75.8)	107 (59.8)	10 (47.6)
Number of male anal sex partners in the past 6 months
≤2	283 (78.4)	132 (82.0)	136 (76.0)	15 (71.4)	2.608	0.258
≥3	78 (21.6)	29 (18.0)	43 (24.0)	6 (28.6)
Ever had sex with female in the past 6 months
No	320 (88.6)	142 (88.2)	159 (88.8)	19 (90.5)	0.071	0.963
Yes	41 (11.4)	19 (11.8)	20 (11.2)	2 (9.5)
Ever had transactional sex with man in the past year
No	341 (94.5)	157 (97.5)	164 (91.6)	20 (95.2)	5.686	0.052
Yes	20 (5.5)	4 (2.5)	15 (8.4)	1 (4.8)
Ever had circumcision surgery
No	228 (63.2)	101 (62.7)	114 (63.7)	13 (61.9)	0.091	0.984
Yes	133 (36.8)	60 (37.3)	65 (36.3)	8 (38.1)
Ever had other STIs^c
No	332 (92.0)	152 (94.4)	164 (91.6)	16 (76.2)	6.976	0.024
Yes	29 (8.0)	9 (5.6)	15 (8.4)	5 (23.8)
Substance use^d
No	259 (71.7)	123 (76.4)	123 (68.7)	13 (61.9)	3.648	0.167
Yes	102 (28.3)	38 (23.6)	56 (31.3)	8 (38.1)
Ever obtained sex partner with man from the males public baths
No	296 (82.0)	138 (85.7)	142 (79.3)	16 (76.2)	3.044	0.223
Yes	65 (18.0)	23 (14.3)	37 (20.7)	5 (23.8)

MSM: men who have sex with men; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; HPV: human papillomavirus; GBTM: group-based trajectory modeling. DG: decreased group; FG: flat group; IG: increased group; the sample numbers (e.g., ) are number of participants. ^aGrade data was tested by nonparametric tests. ^bDivorced or widowed: two participants in the study were widowed. ^cOther STIs: candida albicans, syphilis, gonorrhea, human herpesvirus, hepatitis B, etc. ^dSubstance use: marijuana, amyl nitrates, crack, other cocaine, and uppers.