Endoscopic Treatment of Symptomatic Foot and Ankle Bone Cyst with 3D Printing Application

Figure 3

Typical case 1 in the experimental group. Female, 15 years old, admitted to the hospital because of left ankle pain for 1 year. Preoperative diagnosis: pathological fracture secondary to the left talar bone cyst. (a–d) Postoperative examinations; the arrows indicated the location of the bone cyst. (e) 3D-printed lesion model; (f) arthroscopic observation of cyst lesion, and the red arrow showed the bone cyst; (g) the Kirschner wire was drilled through the anterior arthroscopic approach with the assistance of individualized guides, and C-arm fluoroscopy was used to confirm that the Kirschner wire had accurately entered the talar cyst site; (h) fluoroscopy was used to confirm the optimal filling of the bone cement; (i) no recurrence of bone cysts was seen in the 3D CT reconstruction after 18 months; (j, k) no recurrence of bone cysts was seen in the radiographs at the last follow-up after 18 months; (l) the left ankle symptoms were relieved at the last follow-up, and the AOFAS score was 94 points.

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