Diagnosis of Patent Foramen Ovale: The Combination of Contrast Transcranial Doppler, Contrast Transthoracic Echocardiography, and Contrast Transesophageal Echocardiography

<table class="table-group" id="tab1"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Clinical characteristics</td><td class="align_center"><svg height="8.8423pt" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 11.0475 8.8423" width="11.0475pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M822 650H589L583 622C660 617 677 607 674 561C672 534 664 481 647 390L600 137H596L273 650H126L120 622C176 620 194 615 207 594C221 571 225 557 214 504L161 257C141 166 129 112 121 85C108 42 83 30 29 28L23 0H260L266 28C193 33 173 42 176 89C178 122 186 172 202 255L256 527H259L583 -8H612L690 390C708 481 720 535 728 558C744 603 756 619 816 622L822 650Z"></path></g></svg> (%)</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Age (year) <svg height="9.65783pt" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-0.3499298pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.3079 88.1568 9.65783" width="88.1568pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M797 0V26C739 32 732 36 732 103V296C732 394 682 449 605 449C576 449 550 437 529 423C504 407 475 389 446 366C425 418 382 449 334 449C303 449 279 437 253 421C222 403 201 385 180 371V452C135 432 85 419 41 411V388C99 379 102 374 102 310V103C102 38 93 32 27 26V0H238V26C189 32 180 38 180 103V338C210 363 250 390 289 390C351 390 377 348 377 275V103C377 37 368 32 306 26V0H520V26C465 32 456 38 456 101V296C456 314 455 326 453 338C491 369 529 390 565 390C628 390 653 345 653 274V107C653 36 642 32 583 26V0H797Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.595,0)"><path d="M380 106C343 72 306 56 265 56C195 56 116 112 115 248C235 252 361 262 377 265C396 269 400 277 400 297C400 374 333 449 250 449H249C198 449 144 421 103 376S37 269 37 201C37 88 109 -12 232 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443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z"></path></g></svg></span></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Sex (male/female)</td><td class="align_center">40/62</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Hypertension</td><td class="align_center">15/102 (14.71%)</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Hyperlipidemia</td><td class="align_center">8/102 (7.84%)</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Diabetic mellitus</td><td class="align_center">12/102 (11.76%)</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Coronary heart disease</td><td class="align_center">10/102 (9.80%)</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Clinical symptoms</td><td class="align_left"> </td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Transient ischemic attack</td><td class="align_center">24/102 (23.53%)</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Cryptogenic stroke</td><td class="align_center">21/102 (20.59%)</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Migraine</td><td class="align_center">43/102 (42.16%)</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Cerebral infarction</td><td class="align_center">14/102 (13.73%)</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="2"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Baseline characteristics of the study population.</div>

BioMed Research International

tab1

Table 1

Table 1: Diagnosis of Patent Foramen Ovale: The Combination of Contrast Transcranial Doppler, Contrast Transthoracic Echocardiography, and Contrast Transesophageal Echocardiography 

Table 1 | Diagnosis of Patent Foramen Ovale: The Combination of Contrast Transcranial Doppler, Contrast Transthoracic Echocardiography, and Contrast Transesophageal Echocardiography 