Research Article
Delayed Onset Postoperative Spinal Epidural Hematoma after Lumbar Spinal Surgery: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes
| | Author and year | Number | Age (years), sex | Incidence | Disease level | Surgical approach | Time to onset (days) | Recovery rate | Speculated contributing factors |
| | Spanier DE et al. 2000 | 1 | 80
F | N/A | L3-S1 | L3–S1 laminectomy and instrumented bilateral lateral fusion | 16 | N/A | Heparin therapy and thrombocytopenia | | Uribe J et al. 2003 | 7 | 62
3F/4M | 0.17% | 3C, 1CT, 2T, 1L | Laminectomy, Laminoplasty | 5.7 | 71.43% | Previous spinal surgery | | Neo Masashi et al. 2006 | 1 | 59
M | N/A | C3-T1 | C3–T1 laminoplasty | 9 | N/A | None | | Sokolowski MJ et al. 2006 | 4 | 73.5
2F/2M | N/A | 3L, 1CT | Posterior laminectomy, anterior discectomy | 12.5 | N/A | Elderly patients underwent multilevel procedures | | Parthiban et al. 2008 | 1 | 34
M | N/A | T8 | T7 to T9 laminectomy | 3 | N/A | Paraspinal muscle stretching (arterial bleeding) | | Kim Boram et.al 2010 | 1 | 23
M | N/A | L3 | En bloc spondylectomy | 9 | N/A | Muscular branch of venous plexus | | Tomii Masato et al. 2018 | 1 | 56
M | N/A | C4-6 | Cervical laminoplasty | 7 | N/A | Hypertension | | Anno Masato et al. 2018 | 6 | 67.2
N/A | 0.18% | 1C, 2T, 3L | N/A | 5 | 80% | None |
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Disease level: C: cervical; T: thoracic; L: lumbar; CT: cervicothoracic.
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