Environmental Pollutant Benzo[a]pyrene Induces Recurrent Pregnancy Loss through Promoting Apoptosis and Suppressing Migration of Extravillous Trophoblast

Figure 4

BPDE reduced migration of trophoblast cells in a dose-dependent manner through the PI3K/AKT/MMP2 signaling pathway. (a) The tips of villous tissue by elective abortion patients were exposed to 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 μM BPDE for 24, 48, and 72 h. The BPDE treatment significantly suppressed trophoblast outgrowth from the villous tips compared with control (DMSO) villous explants. (b) The quantitative statistics of explants migration, determined by ImageJ. indicates significant difference from the BPDE-treated groups. (c) The image represented migration of Swan 71 cell through the transwell assays after exposure to 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 μM BPDE for 24 h. indicates significant difference from the BPDE-treated cells. (d) The mRNA levels of PI3K, AKT, and MMP2 were decreased after exposure to 0.50 μM BPDE for 24 h, determined by qRT-PCR. or indicates significant difference from the control cells.

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