Synthesis of 2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)-3-hydroxysqualene and Characterization of Its Anti-Inflammatory Effects

Figure 4

Effects of squalene (SQ) and 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-hydroxysqualene (HEHSQ) on gene expressions of (a) TNF-α, (b) CCL2, and (c) iNOS in RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells were treated with 100 µg/mL SQ or 1 µg/mL HEHSQ for 24 h. Following that, cells were activated with LPS (1 µg/mL) for 12 h. After activation, the gene expressions of TNF-α, CCL2, and iNOS were evaluated using real-time RT-PCR. Values are expressed as the mean ± SD of triplicate experiments and are expressed relative to the percentage of control LPS (−). The mean value that is significantly different from that of the control LPS (−) group is indicated as . The mean value that is significantly different from that of the control LPS (+) group is indicated as .

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