Research Article
Prediction of 90-Day Mortality among Sepsis Patients Based on a Nomogram Integrating Diverse Clinical Indices
Table 1
Patient characteristics upon admission to the intensive care unit.
| | Characteristic | Training cohort | Validation cohort | | Survivors () | Died at 90 days () | value | Survivors () | Died at 90 days () | value |
| | Men | 69 (61.6) | 30 (61.2) | 0.963 | 29 (63.0) | 15 (62.5) | 0.964 | | 77 (68.8) | 41 (83.7) | 0.055 | 30 (65.2) | 22 (91.7) | 0.016 | | Comorbidity | | Diabetes | 17 (15.2) | 10 (20.4) | 0.414 | 17 (37.0) | 9 (37.5) | 0.964 | | Hypertension | 42 (37.5) | 26 (53.1) | 0.066 | 21 (45.7) | 12 (50.0) | 0.729 | | COPD | 6 (5.4) | 6 (12.2) | 0.126 | 8 (17.4) | 6 (25.0) | 0.450 | | CKD | 10 (8.9) | 6 (12.2) | 0.518 | 2 (4.3) | 3 (12.5) | 0.209 | | Source of infection | | Pulmonary | 71 (63.4) | 33 (67.3) | 0.629 | 27 (58.7) | 19 (71.2) | 0.087 | | Urinary tract | 8 (7.1) | 1 (2.0) | 0.195 | 5 (10.9) | 0 (0) | 0.094 | | Abdominal | 27 (24.1) | 14 (28.6) | 0.550 | 13 (28.3) | 3 (12.5) | 0.136 | | Skin | 6 (5.4) | 2 (4.1) | 0.732 | 2 (4.3) | 1 (4.2) | 0.972 | | 48 (42.9) | 32 (65.3) | 0.010 | 17 (37.0) | 17 (70.8) | 0.007 | | TAT (ng/mL) | 8.2 (4.6-18.0) | 17.2 (5.7-46.8) | 0.002 | 8.7 (5.6-17.0) | 13.4 (6.2-30.9) | 0.162 | | PIC (μg/mL) | 1.16 (0.62-2.16) | 1.04 (0.57-2.28) | 0.742 | 1.10 (0.75-1.48) | 1.43 (0.69-2.83) | 0.421 | | t-PAIC (ng/mL) | 12.2 (7.6-24.1) | 21.7 (11.3-41.7) | 0.003 | 14.2 (9.4-23.9) | 21.3 (13.8-47.1) | 0.020 | | PT (s) | 14.2 (12.7-16.2) | 16.4 (14.0-21.4) | 0.000 | 13.7 (13-15.3) | 15 (13.6-19.6) | 0.008 | | INR | 1.2 (1.1-1.3) | 1.4 (1.2-1.8) | 0.000 | 1.14 (1.08-1.27) | 1.25 (1.13-1.60) | 0.008 | | APTT (s) | 31.6 (26.6-38.4) | 37.4 (32.0-47.7) | 0.000 | 31.4 (26.7-40.5) | 33.9 (29.2-48.7) | 0.087 | | FIB (g/L) | | | 0.143 | | | 0.308 | | TT (s) | 15.8 (14.5-17.3) | 17.2 (14.8-18.7) | 0.003 | 15.5 (14.0-17.4) | 16.8 (14.9-19.4) | 0.070 | | FDP (μg/L) | 8.69 (3.67-18.92) | 14.45 (4.53-38.00) | 0.030 | 7.56 (4.51-13.12) | 11.37 (6.99-27.95) | 0.033 | | D-dimer (μg/L) | 2.59 (1.03-5.97) | 4.91 (1.65-11.00) | 0.016 | 2.19 (0.87-4.53) | 3.19 (2.54-7.76) | 0.015 | | Platelets (×109/L) | | 138 ± 94 | 0.010 | 182 ± 108 | 209 ± 128 | 0.358 | | Hemoglobin (g/L) | | | 0.038 | | | 0.525 | | ALT (U/L) | 31.9 (12.9-73.5) | 21.5 (13.3-116.8) | 0.597 | 27.3 (13.3-58.7) | 29.6 (11.1-64.2) | 0.921 | | AST (U/L) | 43.0 (23.3-84.3) | 42.1 (26.4-131.2) | 0.483 | 33.2 (19.8-72.5) | 30.3 (19.1-76.7) | 0.843 | | TBil (μmol/L) | 13.5 (7.9-22.5) | 13.9 (7.4-32.5) | 0.514 | 14.5 (6.8-23.4) | 17.6 (10.9-28.1) | 0.192 | | Cr (μmol/mL) | 92.6 (62.3-163.8) | 136 (76.5-241.4) | 0.017 | 70.3 (54.5-132.5) | 113.4 (78.3-150.0) | 0.056 | | RBG (mmol/L) | 7.3 (6.2-9.3) | 6.8 (5.5-9.1) | 0.142 | 7.6 (6.7-9.6) | 8.8 (7.1-10.5) | 0.239 | | Body temp (°C) | 36.7 (36.5-37.5) | 36.6 (36.3-37.3) | 0.350 | 36.7 (36.2-37.3) | 36.4 (36.0-36.8) | 0.176 | | Heart rate (min-1) | | | 0.013 | | | 0.179 | | MAP (mmHg) | | | 0.547 | | | 0.352 | | SOFA score | 7 (5-10) | 9 (7-15) | 0.000 | 7 (5-10) | 9 (6-13) | 0.065 | | APACHE II score | | | 0.008 | | | 0.004 | | PH | 7.41 (7.35-7.45) | 7.38 (7.29-7.50) | 0.133 | 7.42 (7.34-7.49) | 7.29 (7.19-7.43) | 0.006 | | PaCO2 (mmHg) | 36 (31-42) | 34 (29-40) | 0.149 | 34 (28-41) | 39 (32-46) | 0.040 | | PaO2 (mmHg) | 110 (81-157) | 93 (64-140) | 0.017 | 112 (80-167) | 97.1 (64-152) | 0.366 | | Lac (mmol/L) | 1.7 (1-3.2) | 3.2 (1.5-6.6) | 0.000 | 2.0 (1.2-3.3) | 3.8 (1.8-9.5) | 0.010 |
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Values are (%), , or median (interquartile range). Abbreviations: COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; TM: thrombomodulin; TAT: thrombin-antithrombin complex; PIC: α2-plasmininhibitor-plasmin complex; tPAIC: tissue plasminogen activator-inhibitor complex; PLT: platelet; HB: hemoglobin; PT: prothrombin time; APTT: activated partial thrombin time; FIB: fibrinogen; INR: international normalized ratio; TT: thrombin time; FDP: fibrinogen degradation product; ALT: alanine transaminase; AST: aspartate transaminase; TBil: total bilirubin; MAP: mean arterial pressure; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; pH: potential of hydrogen; PaO 2: arterial partial oxygen pressure; PaCO 2: arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide; Lac: lactate; RBG: random blood glucose. |
