Factors Affecting the Incidence, Progression, and Severity of COVID-19 in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants ().

Parameters	Groups
	Control group	Type 1 diabetic patients	Type 1 diabetic patients with COVID-19	Test value	value
	50	50	50	—	—
Age (years)				0.222	0.801
Gender
Male	15 (30.6%)	24 (49%)	26 (51%)	5.037	0.081
Female	35 (69.4%)	26 (51%)	24 (49%)
T1DM duration (years)	NA			0.043	0.672
Diabetic complications
Yes	NA	20 (40.8%)	21 (42.9%)	0.042	0.838
None		30 (59.2%)	29 (57.1%)
Comorbidities^#
Yes	NA	18 (36.7%)	31 (61.2%)	5.880	0.015
None		32 (63.3%)	19 (38.8%)
Taking hydroxychloroquine
Yes	NA	13 (26.5%)	0 (0%)	22.609	<0.001
No	NA	37 (73.5%)	50 (100%)

Results are summarized as and (%). ^#Comorbidities, like hypertension, dyslipidemia, asthma, and iron deficiency anemia. : number of participants; TIDM: type 1 diabetes mellitus; NA: not applicable. is considered significant.