Toxicological Parameters of a Formulation Containing Cinnamaldehyde for Use in Treatment of Oral Fungal Infections: An In Vivo Study

Figure 5

Lethal and nonlethal effects observed in zebrafish embryos and larvae after exposure to increasing concentrations of cinnamaldehyde during 96 h. (a–d) control organisms with normal development after 24, 48, 72, and 96 hpf, respectively, exposed only to the E3 medium; (e, f) embryos with 96 hpf, exposed to 0.07 and 0.035 μg/mL, respectively, both with pericardial edema (PE); (g) embryo with 24 hpf exposed to 0.14 μg/mL showing developmental delay (DD); (h, i) embryos with 48 and 96 hpf, respectively, exposed to 0.14 μg/mL, both with pericardial edema (PE); (j) 24 hpf embryo, exposed to 0.28 μg/mL, showing developmental delay (DD) and nondetachment of the tail base (NDTB); (k, l) embryos with 48 and 96 hpf exposed to 28 μg/mL presenting pericardial edema (PE) and yolk sac edema (YSE), respectively, and (l) yolk sac edema (YSE); (m, n) embryos with 24 and 48 hpf, respectively, exposed to 56 μg/mL of cinnamaldehyde, presenting malformation (MF) and developmental delay (DD); (o) coagulated embryo (CE) after 72 h exposure to 56 μg/mL.

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