The Differences of Population Birth Defects in Epidemiology Analysis between the Rural and Urban Areas of Hunan Province in China, 2014–2018
Table 4
Distribution of epidemiological and delivery characteristics related to BDs and non-BDs, in Liuyang county (rural) and Shifeng district (urban), Hunan Province, China, from 2014 to 2018.
Factors
Classification
Non-BDs ()
BDs ()
Prevalence rates of BDs (per 10,000 PIs) (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
Area
Shifeng district
16,228
299
18.092 (16.059-20.124)
Ref
Liuyang county
94,274
2124
22.034 (21.107-22.960)
1.223 (1.082-1.382)
0.001
Ethnicity
Han
110,012
2406
21.402 (20.556-22.248)
Ref
The others
490
17
33.531 (17.808-49.253)
1.586 (0.976-2.577)
0.062
Age groups
25-29 years
50,884
1084
20.859 (19.630-22.088)
Ref
<0.001
≤24 years
20,353
471
22.618 (20.599-24.638)
1.086 (0.974-1.212)
0.138
30-34 years
27,751
555
19.607 (17.992-21.222)
0.939 (0.847-1.041)
0.231
35-39 years
9305
239
25.042 (21.907-28.177)
1.206 (1.046-1.389)
0.010
≥40 years
2209
74
32.413 (25.144-39.683)
1.572 (1.238-1.998)
<0.001
Pregnancy times
One time
38,273
846
21.626 (20.185-23.068)
Ref
0.209
Two times
46,424
980
20.673 (19.392-21.954)
0.955 (0.870-1.048)
0.332
Three times
25,799
597
22.617 (20.823-24.411)
1.047 (0.942-1.164)
0.397
Parity
One time
46,650
1069
22.402 (21.074-23.730)
Ref
0.027
Two times
59,525
1244
20.471 (19.345-21.597)
0.912 (0.840-0.991)
0.029
Three times
4321
110
24.825 (20.242-29.408)
1.111 (0.911-1.355)
0.300
Gender
Female
52,719
903
16.840 (15.751-17.929)
Ref
Male
57,783
1520
25.631 (24.359-26.903)
1.536 (1.413-1.669)
<0.001
Gestational weeks
37-42 weeks
105,773
1954
18.138 (17.342-18.935)
Ref
<0.001
≤36 weeks
4698
468
90.592 (82.763-98.422)
5.392 (4.855-5.990)
<0.001
≥43 weeks
23
1
41.667 (-44.527-127.861)
2.354 (0.318-17.436)
0.420
Weight of birth
2500-4000 g
100,217
1865
18.270 (17.448-19.091)
Ref
<0.001
<2500 g
4013
439
98.607 (89.846-107.368)
5.878 (5.273-6.553)
<0.001
≥4000 g
6266
115
18.022 (14.757-21.287)
0.986 (0.816-1.193)
0.886
Births
Singletons
107,923
2337
21.195 (20.345-22.046)
Ref
Twins
2579
86
32.270 (25.557-38.984)
1.540 (1.237-1.916)
<0.001
Place of birth
Hospital
88,186
2111
23.378 (22.393-24.364)
Ref
Others
22,316
312
13.788 (12.269-15.308)
0.584 (0.518-0.658)
<0.001
Place of domicile
Local place
109,425
2343
20.963 (20.123-21.803)
Ref
<0.001
Nonlocal certificate registries but residence with 1 year
459
30
61.350 (40.006-82.694)
3.052 (2.105-4.426)
<0.001
Nonlocal certificate registries but residence with ≥1 year
618
50
74.850 (54.844-94.857)
3.779 (2.824-5.055)
<0.001
aPIs: perinatal infants; BDs: birth defects; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; Ref: reference. Population birth defects prevalence expressed per 10,000 PIs.
