|
| Study (years) | Clinical symptoms | Injury classification | Symptoms/radiograph improvements | Function evaluation outcome | Surgical complications |
|
| Grass et al. [13] (2003) | Diffuse pain, persistent swelling of the ankle region | 14 patients had a PER stage III and IV injury, and 2 patients had a pronation abduction stage II injury | The mean TCS decreased from 7.0 (range, 6–9) mm to 4.8 (range, 2–5) mm. The mean TFO increased from 3.6 (range, 2–5) mm to 6.5 (range, 5–8) mm. The tibiofibular distance (CT-TFD) decreased from 6.2 (range, 4.1–8.1) mm to 3.0 (range, 1.8–4.5) mm postoperatively | The mean Karlsson score at the time of follow-up was 88 (range from 77 to 100) | 1 breakage of the screw and the clinical but radiological result was unaffected |
| Zamzami and Zamzam [14] (2009) | Chronic unilateral ankle pain, sense of ankle instability in 9, ankle stiffness in 2, and occasional attacks of ankle locking in 3 | 7 patients had twisting trauma (5 were external rotation injuries); 1 patient got direct trauma; 3 patients could not remember the mechanism of injury | 10 patients had full recovery with complete resolution of their previous symptoms. Only 1 patient had persistent limitation of ankle dorsiflexion with pain free. Average amount of radiographic diastasis between tibia and fibula in millimeter decreased from 4.7 to 1.3 | West Point Ankle Score System, the average score for the patients was 95.4 points (range, 87–100) | 2 superficial stitch abscesses |
| Morris et al. [15] (2009) | Anterolateral pain, recurrent ankle swelling, and feeling of instability | NR | Clinically, the patients all reported improved symptoms, and no further symptoms of instability. 7 of 8 returned to sports and to their previous jobs | 73 pre-19 post (VAS) | 1 superficial infection |
| Yasui et al. [16] (2011) | Unsolved persistent pain after initial treatment | PER stage IV injury with residual remarkable opening of the anterior part | NR | 53 pre-95 post (AOFAS), 95 pre-4 post (VAS) | No complications |
| Colcuc et al. [7] (2016) | NR | NR | NR | 53 pre-86 post (AOFAS) | 1 superficial infection; 2 suture granulomas |
|
