Comparison of Black Hole Sign, Satellite Sign, and Iodine Sign to Predict Hematoma Expansion in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Table 1

Baseline demographic, clinical, and radiological comparison of patients with and without hematoma expansion.

	Entire study ()	Hematoma expansion ()	No hematoma expansion ()	value
Age, years,				0.160
Gender, male (%)	62 (68.9)	43 (70.5)	19 (65.5)	0.634
Medical history
Hypertension (%)	73 (81.1)	50 (82)	23 (79.3)	0.763
Diabetes mellitus (%)	17 (18.9)	11 (18)	6 (20.7)	0.779
Smoking (%)	56 (62.2)	41 (67.2)	15 (51.7)	0.171
Alcohol consumption (%)	65 (72.2)	45 (73.8)	20 (69)	0.802
Clinical parameters
Glucose, mmol/L, median (IQR)	6.40 (5.49-7.18)	6.40 (5.50-7.30)	6.40 (5.47-6.70)	0.725
Fibrinogen,				0.078
APTT(s), median (IQR)	26.50 (24.30-29.00)	27.10 (25.10-29.50)	25.60 (24.10-27.20)	0.059
INR, median (IQR)	0.93 (0.89-0.98)	0.94 (0.88-0.98)	0.93 (0.89-0.96)	0.450
NIHSS, median (IQR)	9 (5.75-13)	10 (6-14)	7 (5-10)	0.015
Radiological data
Location, deep (%)	72 (80)	50 (82)	22 (75.9)	0.499
IHV, ml,				0.082
IVH, present (%)	24 (26.7)	14 (23)	10 (34.5)	0.248
Midline shift, present (%)	10 (11.1)	7 (11.5)	3 (10.3)	0.873
Onset to CT, hours, median (IQR)	2 (1.5-3.5)	2 (1.5-3.5)	2 (1.5-3.5)	0.782
Black hole signs, present (%)	35 (38.9)	29 (47.5)	6 (17.1)	0.02
Satellite sign, present (%)	27 (30)	25 (41)	2 (6.9)	0.001
Iodine sign, present (%)	52 (57.8)	48 (78.7)	4 (13.8)	<0.001
Any NCCT sign, present (%)	61 (67.8)	41 (67.21)	20 (68.97)	<0.001

IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation; APTT: activated partial prothrombin time; INR: international normalized ratio; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; IHV: initial hematoma volume; IVH: intraventricular hemorrhage; NCCT: noncontrast computed tomography.