Association of Total Dietary Intake of Sugars with Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Concentrations: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2003-2010

Table 1

Univariate and multivariate analyses by the weighted linear regression model and GAM model.

Exposure	Nonadjusted model	Minimally adjusted model	Fully adjusted model	GAM model
Total sugar intake	-0.001 (-0.002, -0.001), <0.00001	-0.000 (-0.000, 0.000), 0.95366	0.003 (0.001, 0.005), 0.00299	0.003 (0.001, 0.005), 0.00291
Total sugar intake
Q1	ref	ref	ref	ref
Q2	0.047 (-0.057, 0.152), 0.37306	0.073 (-0.029, 0.174), 0.16025	0.260 (-0.422, 0.941), 0.45757	0.260 (-0.422, 0.941), 0.45757
Q3	-0.063 (-0.168, 0.041), 0.23416	0.026 (-0.076, 0.128), 0.62046	0.309 (-0.322, 0.939), 0.34040	0.309 (-0.322, 0.939), 0.34040
Q4	-0.238 (-0.342, -0.134), <0.00001	0.011 (-0.092, 0.114), 0.83292	0.682 (0.122, 1.242), 0.01948	0.682 (0.122, 1.242), 0.01948
P for trend	<0.00001	0.94006	0.01378	0.01337

Nonadjusted model adjust for none. Minimally adjusted model adjust for age (year), poverty income ratio, race/ethnicity, education level, and marital status. Fully adjusted model adjust for age (year), poverty income ratio, race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, VITD, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, glycohemoglobin (%), BMI (kg/m²), physical activity (MET-based rank) (%), smoked at least 100 cigarettes in life, drinking alcohol (gm) first day, hypertension history, diabetes history, coronary heart disease, stroke, and enlarged prostate. GAM model adjust for age (year), poverty income ratio, race/ethnicity, education level, marital status, VITD, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, glycohemoglobin (%), BMI (kg/m²), physical activity (MET-based rank) (%), smoked at least 100 cigarettes in life, drinking alcohol (gm) first day, hypertension history, diabetes history, coronary heart disease, stroke, and enlarged prostate.