Family Cohesion Is Associated with the Self-Perceived Need for Dental Treatment among Adolescents

Table 2

Nonadjusted and adjusted robust binary logistic regression for the association between family cohesion and self-perceived need for dental treatment among adolescents.

Variable	Self-perceived need for dental treatment
	Yes; (%)	No; (%)	value	Nonadjusted OR (95% CI)	value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Adolescent sex
Female	363 (90.3)	39 (9.7)	0.08	1.44 (0.94-2.19)	—	—
Male	234 (86.0)	38 (14.0)	—	1.00	—	—
Self-declared color
White	165 (88.7)	432 (11.3)	—	—	—	—
Non-White	432 (88.5)	56 (11.5)	—	—	—	—
Social class
C-D-E	359 (91.1)	35 (8.9)	0.03	1.84 (1.03-3.28)	—	—
A-B	238 (85.0)	42 (15.0)	—	1.00	—	—
Mother’s schooling
≥8 years of study	345 (88.0)	47 (12.0)	—	—	—	—
<8 years of study	250 (89.6)	29 (10.4)	—	—	—	—
Oral health literacy
Inadequate	207 (88.1)	28 (11.9)	—	—	—	—
Marginal	230 (90.6)	24 (9.4)	—	—	—	—
Adequate	160 (86.5)	25 (13.5)	—	—	—	—
Dental caries
Present	316 (93.8)	21 (6.2)	<0.001	2.99 (1.77-5.07)	0.007	2.10 (1.22-3.61)
Absent	281 (83.4)	56 (16.6)	—	1.00	—	1.00
Loss of permanent teeth
Yes	124 (99.2)	1 (0.8)	0.003	20.2 (2.79-147-18)	0.007	15.81 (2.14-116.56)
No	473 (86.2)	76 (13.8)	—	1.00	—	1.00
Presence of toothache in the last 6 months
Yes	249 (93.3)	18 (6.7)	0.002	2.18 (1.32-3.62)	0.030	1.87 (1.06-3.31)
No	341 (85.3)	59 (15.8)	—	1.00	—	1.00
Family cohesion
Enmeshed	13 (100.0)	0 (0.0)	<0.001	7.66 (1.61-36.34)	<0.001	10.23 (3.96-26.4)
Connected	94 (89.4)	11 (10.5)	—	—	—	—
Separated	208 (86.3)	33 (13.7)	—	—	—	—
Disengaged	282 (89.5)	33 (10.5)	—	1.00	—	1.00
Family adaptability
Very flexible/chaotic	139 (93.3)	10 (6.7)	—	—	—	—
Flexible	191 (86.1)	31 (13.9)	0.04	0.45 (0.21-0.97)	—	—
Structured	171 (86.4)	27 (13.6)	0.03	0.44 (0.21-0.93)	—	—
Rigid	95 (91.3)	9 (8.7)	—	1.00	—	—