Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Analysis in Spinacia oleracea under Abiotic Stress

Figure 2

Cq values of ten candidate reference genes in spinach detected by RT-qPCR. The medians of Cq values for these genes are represented by the line in the boxes, and the upper and lower quartiles of Cq values are represented by the upper and lower boundaries of the boxes. The whiskers represent the ranges for the bottom 25% and the top 25% of these Cq values. Small circles represent outliers of these Cq values: (a) Cq values in organs including leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and seedlings, (b) Cq values in the leaves and roots under heat stress, (c) Cq values in the leaves and roots under heavy metal stress, (d) Cq values in the leaves and roots under NaCl, (e) Cq values in the leaves and roots under NaHCO₃, and (f) Cq values in the leaves and roots under Na₂CO₃. Ten candidate reference genes refer to Figure 1. Three biological replicates were taken for different organs/seedlings, as well as leaves and roots at each time point of all stress treatments.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)