Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Analysis in Spinacia oleracea under Abiotic Stress

Figure 3

Average expression stability values (M2) in different data sets obtained from the software geNorm. The stability values (M2) and stability rank were obtained from geNorm. A lower M2 value suggests higher stability: (a) stability rank obtained in organs including leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and seedlings, (b) stability rank obtained in the leaves and roots under heat stress, (c) stability rank obtained in the leaves and roots under heavy metal stress, (d) stability rank obtained in the leaves and roots under NaCl, (e) stability rank obtained in the leaves and roots under NaHCO₃, and (f) stability rank obtained in the leaves and roots under Na₂CO₃. Ten candidate reference genes refer to Figure 1. Three biological replicates were taken for different organs/seedlings, as well as leaves and roots at each time point of all stress treatments.

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