Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Analysis in Spinacia oleracea under Abiotic Stress

Table 1

Primers used in comparison of candidate reference genes in Spinach.

Gene name^1	Gene ID^2	Sequence of primer (forward/reverse)	Size of PCR product (bp)	Amplification efficiency (%)	Correlation coefficient ()
18S rRNA	Spo14194	GATTCCGACGAACAACTGCG	141	98.96	0.998
		AAGTAACATCCGCCGATCCC
Actin	Spo23599	TGTTCACGACATCAGCCGAA	138	99.36	0.999
		CGTCGGGTAGCTCGTAGTTC
ARF	Spo09845	CCGATAAGCTTGGCCTCCAT	125	92.53	0.997
		AGCCTTGCTAGCGATGTTGT
COX	Spo27102	AGGTTGCTCATGCTGTCTTGA	168	94.85	0.991
		CAACGACACTGATCTGGCCT
CYP	Spo15438	TCCTTTCCATGGCCAATGCT	132	93.11	0.999
		CCCTAACAACGTCCATGCCT
EF1α	Spo03008	ACCTCTCAGGCTGATTGTGC	173	102.80	0.995
		GAGTACTTGGGAGTGGTGGC
GAPDH	Spo24687	GGCTGCCATCAAGGAGGAAT	129	93.56	0.999
		GCAATTCCAGCCTTGGCATC
H3	Spo20638	AAGAAGCCTCACCGTTACCG	178	94.48	0.998
		CCTCCTGAAGGGCCAAAACA
RPL2	Spo08157	TTCTCGTCCGTCTCCCTTCT	198	101.18	0.997
		TACCCTCACCACCACCATGA
TUBα	Spo15071	TAATGCCGCTGTTGCTACCA	137	94.90	0.998
		CTCTCTGCACCTTGGCAAGA

¹Full names of these 10 genes are 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA), actin, ADP ribosylation factor (ARF), cytochrome c oxidase (COX), cyclophilin (CYP), elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1α), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), histone H3 (H3), 50S ribosomal protein L2 (RPL2), and tubulin alpha chain (TUBα). ²These sequences and IDs were obtained from SpinachBase (http://www.spinachbase.org).