Toxicity of Methanolic Extracts of Seeds of Moringa stenopetala, Moringaceae in Rat Embryos and Fetuses

Table 3

In vivo development of rat embryo following treatment with Moringa seed extracts in the day 12 experiment.

Morphological end point	Groups
	G-I	G-II	G-III	G-IV	G-V
No. of fetus/group	47	44	41	39	46
Yolk sac				^a
Flexion				^a,b,c
Heart
CND
Hind brain
Mid brain
Fore brain
Otic system			^a,b	^a,b
Optic sys			^a,b	^a,b
Olfactory system			^a,b	^a,b
Branchial bars			^a,b	^a,b
Maxillary process
Mandibular process				^a,b,c,d
Forelimb
Hind limb

Statistical differences between the groups were analyzed by Duncan’s multiple range tests. Results are expressed as . ^a compared to pair-fed control. ^b compared to the ad libitum. ^c compared to M250 mg/kg. ^d compared to M500 mg/kg. CND: caudal neural tube.