Pharyngeal Airway and Craniocervical Angle among Different Skeletal Patterns

Figure 2

Cephalometric landmarks and linear measurements. Landmarks: nasion (N); sella (S); anterior nasal spine (ANS); point A; posterior nasal spine (PNS); point B; menton (Me); tip of uvula (U); inferoanterior point on the fourth cervical (C4); inferoanterior point on the second cervical (C2); most superior and anterior point on the hyoid bone (H); most superior point on the epiglottis (E); and gonion (Go). The -axis was constructed by drawing a line through the N, 7° above the SN line; the -axis was constructed by drawing a line through S, perpendicular to the -axis. Red line: 1: NP; 2: PS; 3: MP; 4: TS; 5: LP. Blue line: 8: PW; 9: PL; 10: UE. Angle measurement: 6: C2C4-SN; 7: palatal angle.