[Retracted] Retinal OCT Texture Analysis for Differentiating Healthy Controls from Multiple Sclerosis (MS) with/without Optic Neuritis

Table 3

Evaluation of statistical significance of the extracted features, before feature selection. The -test was used to identify which features show significant differences between healthy and MS (ON and None-ON) cases. The values indicate the test rejection of the null hypothesis at 5% significance level, considering the Bonferroni correction ( value < 0.001).

Features	Layer	(HC vs. MS-None-ON)	(HC vs. MS-ON)	(MS-ON vs. MS-None-ON)	(HC vs. MS)	Features	Layer	(HC vs. MS-None-ON)	(HC vs. MS-ON)	(MS-ON vs. MS-None-ON)	(HC vs. MS)
Autocorrelation	2	0.001	<0.001	0.966	<0.001	Fractal mean	1	<0.001	<0.001	0.832	0.051
Autocorrelation	3	<0.001	0.101	0.092	0.003	Fractal mean	4	<0.001	<0.001	0.799	0.955
Autocorrelation	4	0.001	0.026	0.222	0.008	Fractal mean	5	<0.001	<0.001	0.862	0.896
Cluster prominence	3	0.001	0.086	0.033	<0.001	Fractal mean	8	<0.001	<0.001	0.339	0.785
Cluster prominence	4	0.002	0.057	0.525	<0.001	Fractal mean	9	<0.001	<0.001	0.964	0.710
Cluster shade	2	0.038	<0.001	0.209	0.044	Fractal mean	10	<0.001	<0.001	0.514	0.408
Cluster shade	3	<0.001	0.025	0.054	<0.001	Fractal Std.	5	<0.001	<0.001	0.744	0.014
Cluster shade	4	<0.001	0.015	0.298	<0.001	Fractal Std.	8	0.113	0.001	0.276	<0.001
Contrast	1	0.341	<0.001	0.058	0.012	Fractal Std.	9	<0.001	<0.001	0.751	<0.001
Contrast	2	<0.001	<0.001	0.944	<0.001	Fractal Std.	10	<0.001	<0.001	1.000	<0.001
Contrast	3	<0.001	0.005	0.150	0.001	LBP mean	2	0.001	0.003	0.981	<0.001
Contrast	4	<0.001	0.001	0.398	<0.001	LBP mean	3	0.001	<0.001	0.950	0.017
Correlation	1	<0.001	<0.001	0.999	0.927	LBP mean	4	<0.001	<0.001	0.127	0.024
Correlation	2	<0.001	0.004	0.029	0.546	LBP mean	5	<0.001	<0.001	0.353	0.061
Difference entropy	2	<0.001	<0.001	0.929	0.951	LBP mean	6	<0.001	<0.001	0.941	0.335
Difference entropy	3	<0.001	<0.001	0.513	0.677	LBP mean	7	<0.001	<0.001	0.908	<0.001
Difference entropy	4	<0.001	<0.001	0.546	0.263	LBP mean	9	<0.001	<0.001	0.251	0.068
Difference entropy	5	<0.001	0.004	0.413	0.733	LBP Std.	4	<0.001	<0.001	0.409	0.319
Difference variance	2	<0.001	<0.001	0.999	0.001	LBP Std.	5	<0.001	<0.001	0.456	0.645
Difference variance	3	<0.001	0.001	0.169	<0.001	LBP Std.	6	<0.001	0.001	0.905	0.234
Difference variance	4	<0.001	<0.001	0.523	<0.001	LBP Std.	7	<0.001	<0.001	0.205	0.116
Dissimilarity	2	<0.001	<0.001	0.790	0.010	LBP Std.	9	<0.001	<0.001	0.417	0.150
Dissimilarity	3	<0.001	0.001	0.271	0.030	LBP dynamic range	3	0.525	0.002	0.088	<0.001
Dissimilarity	4	<0.001	0.001	0.380	0.013	LBP dynamic range	5	<0.001	0.004	0.567	0.164
Dissimilarity	5	<0.001	0.035	0.274	0.302	LBP dynamic range	6	<0.001	0.006	0.675	<0.001
Energy	2	<0.001	<0.001	0.999	<0.001	LBP kurtosis	2	<0.001	<0.001	0.804	0.968
Energy	3	<0.001	<0.001	0.921	<0.001	LBP kurtosis	3	<0.001	<0.001	0.941	0.048
Energy	4	<0.001	0.001	0.528	0.861	LBP kurtosis	4	0.001	<0.001	0.805	0.001
Energy	5	<0.001	0.019	0.329	0.008	LDP mean	2	0.459	0.659	0.961	<0.001
Entropy	2	<0.001	<0.001	0.896	0.903	LDP mean	4	<0.001	<0.001	0.564	0.067
Entropy	3	<0.001	<0.001	0.446	0.765	LDP mean	5	<0.001	<0.001	0.555	0.035
Entropy	4	<0.001	<0.001	0.453	0.274	LDP mean	6	<0.001	<0.001	0.121	0.799
Entropy	5	<0.001	0.029	0.222	0.871	LDP mean	7	<0.001	<0.001	0.883	0.047
Homogeneity	2	<0.001	<0.001	0.942	0.900	LDP mean	8	<0.001	<0.001	0.808	0.055
Homogeneity	3	<0.001	<0.001	0.681	0.690	LDP mean	9	<0.001	<0.001	0.219	0.037
Homogeneity	4	<0.001	<0.001	0.504	0.201	LDP mean	10	<0.001	<0.001	0.834	0.782
Homogeneity	5	<0.001	0.006	0.396	0.680	LDP skewness	2	<0.001	<0.001	0.813	0.530
IMC1	2	<0.001	<0.001	0.862	0.017	LDP skewness	3	<0.001	<0.001	0.930	0.085
IMC2	9	0.004	<0.001	0.619	0.043	LDP skewness	4	0.004	<0.001	0.633	0.002
Inverse difference moment normalized	1	0.319	<0.001	0.063	0.011	LDP Std.	2	<0.001	<0.001	0.276	0.018
Inverse difference moment normalized	2	<0.001	<0.001	0.920	<0.001	LDP Std.	4	<0.001	<0.001	0.652	0.083
Inverse difference moment normalized	3	<0.001	0.006	0.154	0.001	LDP Std.	5	<0.001	<0.001	0.882	0.025
Inverse difference moment normalized	4	<0.001	0.001	0.381	<0.001	LDP Std.	6	0.005	<0.001	0..093	0.597
Maximum probability	2	<0.001	<0.001	1.000	<0.001	LDP Std.	7	<0.001	<0.001	0.554	0.310
Maximum probability	3	<0.001	<0.001	0.876	<0.001	LDP Std.	8	<0.001	<0.001	0.989	0.870
Maximum probability	4	<0.001	0.068	0.293	0.430	LDP Std.	9	<0.001	<0.001	0.629	.882
Maximum probability	5	<0.001	0.062	0.222	0.647	LDP Std.	10	<0.001	<0.001	0.901	0.792
Sum average	2	<0.001	<0.001	0.814	0.005	LDP dynamic range	1	0.188	0.219	0.999	<0.001
Sum average	3	<0.001	0.013	0.194	0.028	LDP kurtosis	2	<0.001	<0.001	0.998	<0.001
Sum average	4	<0.001	0.006	0.383	0.048	LDP kurtosis	3	<0.001	<0.001	1.000	<0.001
Sum entropy	2	<0.001	<0.001	0.953	0.708	LDP kurtosis	4	<0.001	<0.001	0.801	0.466
Sum entropy	3	<0.001	0.002	0.402	0.938	LDP kurtosis	5	<0.001	0.003	0.781	0.001
Sum entropy	4	<0.001	0.001	0.514	0.384	LOOP mean	2	0.459	0.659	0.961	<0.001
Sum entropy	5	<0.001	0.064	0.182	0.806	LOOP mean	4	<0.001	<0.001	0.564	0.067
Sum of squares	2	<0.001	<0.001	0.528	0.001	LOOP mean	5	<0.001	<0.001	0.555	0.035
Sum of squares	3	<0.001	0.014	0.092	<0.001	LOOP mean	6	<0.001	<0.001	0.121	0.799
Sum of squares	4	<0.001	0.003	0.262	<0.001	LOOP mean	7	<0.001	<0.001	0.883	0.047
Sum variance	2	<0.001	<0.001	0.400	0.002	LOOP mean	8	<0.001	<0.001	0.808	0.055
Sum variance	3	<0.001	0.016	0.087	<0.001	LOOP mean	9	<0.001	<0.001	0.219	0.037
Sum variance	4	<0.001	0.004	0.248	<0.001	LOOP mean	10	<0.001	<0.001	0.834	0.782
LOOP Std.	2	<0.001	<0.001	0.964	0.013	LOOP skewness	2	<0.001	<0.001	0.998	<0.001
LOOP Std.	3	<0.001	<0.001	0.202	0.021	LOOP skewness	3	<0.001	<0.001	1.000	<0.001
LOOP Std.	4	<0.001	<0.001	0.800	0.218	LOOP skewness	4	<0.001	<0.001	0.818	0.641
LOOP Std.	5	<0.001	<0.001	0.830	0.019	LOOP skewness	5	<0.001	0.002	0.769	0.001
LOOP Std.	6	0.014	<0.001	0.091	0.548	LOOP Std.	9	<0.001	<0.001	0.538	0.390
LOOP Std.	7	<0.001	<0.001	0.576	0.425	LOOP Std.	10	<0.001	<0.001	0.786	0.799
LOOP Std.	8	<0.001	<0.001	0.463	0.316