The Association between Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Cerebral Oximetry during Geriatric Orthopedic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study

Table 1

Characteristics of the patients.

Patient characteristic	All patient (90)	No-POCD (45)	POCD (45)	value
Age (year)	65.3 (59.2; 75.2)	64.2 (52.3; 71.2)	65.8 (53.6; 77.2)	0.581
BMI	27.2 (2.2)	27.5 (3.1)	27.5 (2.8)	0.612
Sex(%)
Male, (%)	46	21	25	0.592
Female, (%)	44	24	20	0.351
ASA physical status (%)
II	50.5	43	58	0.154
III	49.47	57	42	0.251
Educational level (%)
Less than high school	18	15	21	0.514
High school	60.5	59	62	0.261
More than high school	21.5	26	17	0.241
Comorbidity, before operation,(%)
Hypertension	57	56	58	0.147
Diabetes	11	10	12	0.251
Smoking history (%)	12	15	9	0.368
Surgical history (%)	19	20	18	0.215
Surgery
Joint surgery (%)	54.5	58	51	0.251
Spine surgery (%)	45.5	42	49	0.258

Data are presented as , or median (5th–95th percentile), or percentage of all patients. POCD: postoperative cognitive dysfunction; BMI: body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.