BioMed Research International

Review Article

Effectiveness of Smartphone-Based Physical Activity Interventions on Individuals’ Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Table 1

Design quality analysis.
Articles(1) Randomization(2) Control(3) Pre-post(4) Retention(5) Baseline(6) Missing data(7) Power analysis(8) Validity measure(9) Six-month follow-upScoreEffectiveness
Bender et al. [9]++++−+−−+6+
Choi et al. [11]++++++−−−60
Direito et al. [7]+++++−+−−70
Fukuoka [18]+++++−+−+7+
Garcia-Ortiz et al. [13]++++−+−−+6−
Harries et al. [19]++++−+−−−5+
Hartman et al. [14]+++++−−−+6+
Hebden et al. [25]++++++−−−6−
Höchsmann et al. [20]+++++−+−−6+
Kitagawa et al. [24]++++++−+−7+
Lynch et al. [21]+++++−+−+7+
Martin et al. [10]++++++−−−6+
Melton et al. [15]++++++−−−60
Patel et al. [22]+++−+++−−6+
Patel et al. [23]++++−++−−6+
Pope et al. [2]++++−+−−−50
Poppe et al. [16]++++++−++80
Smith et al. [8]+++++++−+80
Vorrink et al. [17]+++−+−+++70
Wang et al. [12]++++++−+−7+
Note: + refers to positive or present, − refers to negative or absent; retention = retaining more than 70% of the participants throughout the intervention; six-month follow-up = presence of a check in more than six months after the experiment.