Chronic Patients’ Activation and Its Association with Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life: A Survey in Southeast Iran

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants ().

Variables	Mean (SD)	Patient Activation Measure-13
		Spearman correlation coefficient	value
Age (yr.)	63.18 (13.44)	-0.04	0.44
Body mass index	22.41 (3.28)	0.01	0.88
	(%)	Statistical test	value
Gender
Male	151 (51.50)		0.31
Female	142 (48.50)
Marital status
Married	252 (86.0)		0.06
Unmarried+divorce	41 (14.0)
Educational level
Illiterate	147 (50.2)		0.87
<diploma	83 (28.3)
Diploma	43 (14.7)
Academic	20 (6.8)
Employment status
Employed	133 (45.4)		0.98
Unemployed	106 (36.2)
Retired	54 (18.4)
Income (million riyal)
<0.5	113 (38.6)		0.50
0.5–1	70 (23.9)
1–2	79 (27.0)
>2	31 (10.6)
History of hospital stay (no.)
0	109 (37.2)		0.40
1	40 (13.7)
2	42 (14.3)
3	36 (12.3)
>4	66 (22.5)
Other illnesses
Yes	186 (63.5)		0.76
No	107 (36.5)
Drug use
Yes	98 (33.4)		0.11
No	195 (66.6)
Diagnosis
IHD	62 (21.2)		0.18
Diabetes	55 (18.8)
Hypertension	54 (18.4)
CHF	45 (15.4)
COPD	41 (14.0)
Other^†	33 (11.3)

Data were presented numerically (%).  = independent -test;  = Mann-Whitney test;  = Kruskal Wallis test;  = analysis of variance test; IHD = ischemic heart disease; CHF = congestive heart failure; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ^†Chronic kidney disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer.