Maternal Prepregnancy Weight and Pregnancy Outcomes in Saudi Women: Subgroup Analysis from Riyadh Mother and Baby Cohort Study (RAHMA)

Table 3

Adjusted effect of prepregnancy BMI on pregnancy outcomes.

Pregnancy outcome	OR (95% CI.)	AOR (95% CI)
GDM
Normal ( kg/m^2) ()	1	1
Underweight ( kg/m^2) ()	0.71 (0.40-1.26)	0.75 (0.42-1.34)
Overweight (-29.9 kg/m^2) ()	1.30 (1.08-1.56)	1.16 (0.96-1.40)
Obese ( kg/m^2) ()	2.49 (2.11-2.95)	2.07 (1.73-2.47)
Hypertensive events
Normal ( kg/m^2) ()	1	1
Underweight ( kg/m^2) ()	0	0
Overweight (-29.9 kg/m^2) ()	1.18 (0.78-1.78)	1.21 (0.69-2.15)
Obese ( kg/m ^2) ()	2.60 (1.81-3.72)	2.33 (1.49-3.91)
Induction of labour
Normal ( kg/m ^2) ()	1	1
Underweight ( kg/m^2) ()	0.69 (0.42-1.13)	0.72 (0.44-1.18)
Overweight (-29.9 kg/m^2) ()	1.01 (0.86-1.19)	1.06 (0.93-1.25)
Obese ( kg/m^2) ()	1.22 (1.05-1.41)	1.40 (1.19-1.65)
Emergency CS
Normal ( kg/m^2) ()	1	1
Underweight ( kg/m^2) ()	0.53 (0.31-1.09)	0.55 (0.29-1.04)
Overweight (-29.9 kg/m^2) ()	1.15 (0.96-1.37)	1.248 (1.03-1.50)
Obese ( kg/m^2) ()	1.49 (1.26-1.78)	1.67 (1.39-2.01)
Failed induction of labour
Normal ( kg/m^2) ()	1	1
Underweight ( kg/m^2) ()	0.41 (0.05-3.16)	0.60 (0.08-4.68)
Overweight (-29.9 kg/m^2) ()	1.51 (1.01-2.29)	1.69 (1.09-2.60)
Obese ( kg/m^2) ()	1.12 (2.62)	2.13 (1.40-3.25)
PTB
Early PTB (<34 weeks)
Normal ( kg/m^2) ()	1	1
Underweight ( kg/m^2) ()	1.88 (0.79-4.50)	1.94 (0.81-4.64)
Overweight (-29.9 kg/m^2) ()	0.53 (0.33-0.87)	0.53 (0.33-0.88)
Obese ( kg/m^2) ()	0.97 (0.64-1.47)	0.94 (0.60-1.46)
PTB (34-36 weeks)
Normal ( kg/m^2) ()	1	1
Underweight ( kg/m^2) ()	1.11 (0.65-1.92)	0.96 (0.50-1.87)
Overweight (-29.9 kg/m^2) ()	0.72 (0.57-0.89)	0.73 (0.59-0.93)
Obese ( kg/m^2) ()	0.77 (0.62-0.95)	0.65 (0.49-0.84)
Macrosomia (≥ 4 kg)
Normal ( kg/m^2) ()	1	1
Underweight ( kg/m^2) ()	0.64 (0.08-4.76)	0.76 (0.10-5.68)
Overweight (-29.9 kg/m^2) ()	1.83 (1.11-2.98)	1.74 (1.05-2.90)
Obese ( kg/m^2) ()	4.42 (2.84-6.87)	3.73 (2.33-5.98)
LBW (<2.5 kg)
Normal ( kg/m^2) ()	1	1
Underweight ( kg/m^2) ()	2.37 (1.60-3.52)	2.49 (1.58-3.92)
Overweight (-29.9 kg/m^2) ()	0.59 (0.48-0.73)	0.72 (0.57- 0.91)
Obese ( kg/m^2) ()	0.58 (0.47-0.71)	0.63 (0.49-0.82)
IUGR
Normal ( kg/m^2) ()	1	1
Underweight ( kg/m^2) ()	2.04 (0.85-4.89)	1.65 (0.66-4.16)
Overweight (-29.9 kg/m^2) ()	0.51 (0.31-0.85)	0.62 (0.36-1.04)
Obese ( kg/m^2) ()	0.49 (0.29-0.81)	0.60 (0.35-1.04)

OR: crude odds ratio; AOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence intervals; GDM: gestational diabetes; PTB: preterm birth; LBW: low birth weight; IUGR: intrauterine growth restriction. The regression model was adjusted for maternal age, parity, and gestational age excepting for preterm birth that was adjusted for maternal age, parity, preexisting diabetes, gestational hypertension, and GDM.