Development and Validation of a Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Machine Learning Model for TMJ Pathologies
Table 1
The classification of study group using DC/TMJ.
Normal: in the closed-mouth position, the posterior band of the disc is located superior to the condyle in which the posterior band of the TMJ disc is at the apex of the condylar head (12 o’clock position). When the jaw is opened, the disc remains interposed between the osseous components and moves anteriorly in a synchronized fashion. In the coronal plane of imaging, the disc is centered perfectly on the condylar head.
Anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR): an intracapsular biomechanical disorder involving the condyle-disc complex. In the closed-mouth position, the disc is in an anterior position relative to the condylar head, and the disc intermittently reduces with the opening of the mouth. When the disc does not reduce with the opening of the mouth, an intermittent limited mandibular opening occurs. When a limited opening occurs, a maneuver may be needed to unlock the TMJ. Medial and lateral displacement of the disc may also be present. Clicking, popping, or snapping noises may occur with disc reduction.
Anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDwoR): an intracapsular biomechanical disorder involving the condyle-disc complex. In the closed-mouth position, the disc is in an anterior position relative to the condylar head, and the disc does not reduce with the opening of the mouth. Medial and lateral displacement of the disc may also be present. This disorder is associated with a persistent limited mandibular opening that does not reduce with the clinician or patient performing a manipulative maneuver.
