Blood Pressure Control and Associations with Social Support among Hypertensive Outpatients in a Developing Country
Table 2
Relationship between social network characteristics and controlled blood pressure.
Characteristics of social network
Uncontrolled hypertension (yes/no)a
OR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
OR (95% CI)
Model 1b
Model 2c
Model 3d
Model 4e
Total network size
1.45 (1.20-1.77)
1.47 (1.21-1.80)
1.47 (1.20-1.81)
1.52 (1.22-1.89)
Providing informational support related to advice
Network size
0.77 (0.65-0.90)
0.76 (0.64-0.90)
0.77 (0.65-0.91)
0.76 (0.64-0.91)
Percentage of network members who are daily contact
1.00 (0.98-1.02)
1.00 (0.98-1.01)
1.00 (0.98-1.01)
1.00 (0.98-1.01)
Percentage of network members who are family members
1.01 (0.99-1.02)
1.00 (0.99-1.02)
1.00 (0.99-1.02)
1.00 (0.99-1.02)
Percentage of network members who are friends
1.00 (0.99-1.02)
1.00 (0.99-1.02)
1.00 (0.98-1.02)
1.00 (0.98-1.02)
Percentage of network members who are living in the same household
1.02 (1.00-1.04)
1.02 (1.00-1.04)
1.02 (0.99-1.04)
1.01 (0.99-1.04)
Percentage of network members who are having hypertension
1.00 (0.98-1.02)
1.00 (0.98-1.03)
1.01 (0.98-1.03)
1.01 (0.99-1.04)
Providing emotional support related to discomfort
Network size
0.92 (0.79-1.06)
0.91 (0.78-1.06)
0.92 (0.78-1.07)
0.89 (0.76-1.05)
Percentage of network members who are daily contact
0.99 (0.97-1.00)
0.99 (0.97-1.01)
0.99 (0.97-1.01)
0.99 (0.97-1.01)
Percentage of network members who are family members
1.01 (0.99-1.03)
1.01 (0.99-1.03)
1.00 (0.98-1.02)
1.00 (0.98-1.02)
Percentage of network members who are friends
1.00 (0.98-1.01)
0.99 (0.98-1.01)
0.99 (0.98-1.01)
0.99 (0.97-1.01)
Percentage of network members who are living in the same household
1.00 (0.99-1.02)
1.01 (0.99-1.02)
1.01 (0.99-1.02)
1.01 (0.99-1.03)
Percentage of network members who are having hypertension
1.00 (0.98-1.01)
1.00 (0.98-1.01)
0.99 (0.98-1.01)
0.99 (0.98-1.01)
Providing emotional support related to decisions
Network size
0.86 (0.74-0.99)
0.84 (0.73-0.98)
0.85 (0.73-0.99)
0.86 (0.74-1.00)
Percentage of network members who are daily contact
0.99 (0.98-1.01)
0.99 (0.97-1.01)
0.99 (0.97-1.01)
0.99 (0.97-1.01)
Percentage of network members who are family members
1.00 (0.99-1.02)
1.00 (0.99-1.02)
1.00 (0.99-1.02)
1.00 (0.99-1.02)
Percentage of network members who are friends
0.97 (0.93-1.02)
0.98 (0.93-1.02)
0.97 (0.93-1.02)
0.97 (0.93-1.02)
Percentage of network members who are living in the same household
1.00 (0.99-1.02)
1.00 (0.99-1.02)
1.00 (0.99-1.02)
1.00 (0.99-1.02)
Percentage of network members who are having hypertension
1.02 (1.00-1.03)
1.01 (1.00-1.03)
1.02 (1.00-1.03)
1.02 (1.00-1.03)
Providing practical support related to sickness
Network size
0.81 (0.66-1.00)
0.80 (0.64-1.00)
0.78 (0.62-0.98)
0.75 (0.59-0.96)
Percentage of network members who are daily contact
1.02 (1.00-1.04)
1.02 (1.00-1.04)
1.02 (1.00-1.05)
1.02 (1.00-1.05)
Percentage of network members who are family members
0.98 (0.96-1.00)
0.98 (0.96-1.00)
0.98 (0.96-1.01)
0.98 (0.96-1.01)
Percentage of network members who are friends
0.98 (0.95-1.02)
0.98 (0.95-1.02)
0.98 (0.95-1.02)
0.99 (0.95-1.03)
Percentage of network members who are living in the same household
1.01 (0.99-1.02)
1.01 (0.99-1.02)
1.00 (0.99-1.02)
1.00 (0.98-1.02)
Percentage of network members who are having hypertension
1.00 (0.98-1.02)
1.00 (0.98-1.02)
1.00 (0.98-1.02)
1.00 (0.98-1.03)
Providing practical support related to jobs
Network size
0.94 (0.74-1.19)
0.95 (0.74-1.21)
0.94 (0.74-1.20)
0.92 (0.71-1.19)
Percentage of network members who are daily contact
1.00 (0.97-1.03)
1.00 (0.97-1.03)
1.00 (0.97-1.03)
1.00 (0.97-1.03)
Percentage of network members who are family members
1.02 (0.99-1.04)
1.01 (0.99-1.04)
1.01 (0.99-1.04)
1.01 (0.99-1.04)
Percentage of network members who are friends
1.01 (0.93-1.10)
1.01 (0.93-1.11)
1.01 (0.93-1.10)
1.01 (0.92-1.11)
Percentage of network members who are living in the same household
0.99 (0.97-1.01)
0.99 (0.97-1.01)
1.00 (0.98-1.02)
1.00 (0.98-1.02)
Percentage of network members who are having hypertension
0.98 (0.96-1.00)
0.98 (0.96-1.00)
0.98 (0.96-1.00)
0.98 (0.96-1.00)
Living with spouse/partners (yes vs no)
1.03 (0.41-2.60)
1.03 (0.41-2.62)
1.25 (0.47-3.32)
1.42 (0.52-3.88)
Participation in social activities (yes vs no)
0.77 (0.38-1.58)
0.79 (0.38-1.63)
0.79 (0.37-1.68)
0.78 (0.35-1.75)
;;;areference group was controlled hypertension; bmodel 1 was adjusted for age and sex; cmodel 2 was adjusted for age, sex, and quality of life; dmodel 3 was adjusted for age, sex, quality of life, body mass index, and number of comorbidities; emodel 4 was adjusted for age, sex, quality of life, body mass index, number of comorbidities, smoking, and alcohol use.
