Association between Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and Fetal Hemoglobin Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 6

Relationship between HbF and NGAL, glycemic parameters, and proinflammatory cytokines.

Variables	Correlation with HbF
	Univariate		Multivariate
	Standardized	value	Standardized	value
HbA1c	0.132	0.098	0.118	0.154
FPG	0.129	0.113	0.103	0.267
NGAL	0.322	<0.001	0.275	<0.001
TNF-α	0.305	<0.001	0.256	<0.001
IL-5	0.253	<0.001	0.212	<0.001
hsCRP	0.301	<0.001	0.245	<0.001

Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, SBP, eGFR, and smoking history. HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; NGAL: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-5: interleukin-5; hsCRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; HbF: fetal hemoglobin.