Association between Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and Fetal Hemoglobin Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 7

Association between elevated NGAL and the prevalence of high HbF in patients with T2DM.

Elevated NGAL (>180.5 ng/mL)	Prevalence of high HbF
	Odds ratio (95% CI)	value
Unadjusted	2.53 (1.21–5.47)	<0.001
Adjusted for
Age and sex	1.98 (1.16–4.03)	<0.001
Age, sex, and BMI	1.72 (1.12–3.64)	<0.001
Age, sex, BMI, and SBP	1.45 (1.09–3.07)	<0.001
Age, sex, BMI, SBP, eGFR, and smoking history	1.27 (1.03–2.51)	<0.001

NGAL: neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbF: fetal hemoglobin; CI: confidence interval.