Postoperative Adjuvant Treatment Strategy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer after Neoadjuvant Treatment

Table 1

The baseline characteristics and study quality of included studies.

Study

Country and year

Study design

No. of patients (M/F)

Arm

Age /median (range)

Follow-up /median (range)

T category (0-2/3/4/NR)

N category (N-/N+/NR)

TNM stage (0-I/II/III/IV/NR)

Type of neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Type of adjuvant chemotherapy

NOS

Javier Sastre

Spain 2016

nRCT

87

OX

69 (35-86)

NR

ypT3-4: 50

yp: -/50/-

NR

, CAP+5-FU or UTF

FOLFOX or XELOX

7

(50/37)

FL

NR

ypT0-2: 37

yp: 37/-/-

NR

CAP or or raltitrexed

Rodel

German 2015

RCT

1236

OX

Median: 64

50 (38–61) m

yp: 316/260/17/3

yp: 416/175/5

yp:252/154/154/20/16

50.4Gy/28F, FU+ oxaliplatin

FU + LV+ oxaliplatin

7

(874/362)

FL

Median: 63

yp: 310/278/26/1

yp: 423/191/1

yp:257/148/169/35/6

50.4 Gy/28F, FU

FU

Hong, Y. S.

Korea

RCT

321

OX

54 (25-79)

74.1 (56.2-88.0) m

yp: 24/133/3/-

yp: 58/102/-

yp: -/58/102/-/-

50Gy, FU ± LV or CAP or tegafur/uracil

FU + LV+ oxaliplatin

8

2019

(234/87)

FL

55 (27-81)

yp: 24/131/6/-

yp: 65/96/-

yp: -/65/96/-/-

FU + LV

Chung, M. J.

Korea

nRCT

1442

OX

NR

ypT0-2: 10, ypT3-4: 58

yp: 13/55/-

NR

,

8

2019

(975/467)

FL

NR

48.8 (6.5-141.0) m

ypT0-2: 37, ypT3-4: 167

yp: 37/167/-

NR

OB

NR

ypT0-2: 96, ypT3-4: 85

yp: 133/48/-

NR

/

Loree, J. M.

Canada

nRCT

485

OX

61 (52-68)

Median: 5.1y

NR

NR

c: 5/136/201/-/15

45 to 54 Gy, 5-FU or CAP or FOLFOX or IXO

FOLFOX or CAPOX

7

2018

(343/142)

FL

Median: 3.64y

NR

NR

5-FU or CAP

OB

64 (56-72)

Median: 4.4y

NR

NR

c: 3/44/72/-/9

/

Garlipp, B.

German

nRCT

1497

OX

65 (29.0–88.0)

yp: 71/82/7/-

yp: 86/74/-

NR

Oxaliplatin +5-FU or FA or CAP

8

2016

(1006/490)

FL

67 (26.0–85.0)

Median: 38 m

yp: 356/383/29/-

yp: 522/246/-

NR

5FU-only-based CRT

5-FU or FA or CAP

OB

68.5 (23.0–89.0)

yp: 283/268/17/1

yp: 435/134/-

NR

/

Peng, J. H.

China

nRCT

105

CT

49 (4–89) m

c: 4/54/25/-

c: 27/56/-

c: -/27/56/-/-

46–50Gy, XELOX

XELOX

7

2018

(70/35)

OB

c: 0/14/8/-

c: 8/14/-

c: -/8/14/-/-

/

Glynne-Jones, R.

UK

RCT

113

CT

59.0 (55.0–66.0)

Median: 44.8 m

yp: 25/27/2/-

yp: 44/10/-

NR

5FU-based CRT

XELOX

5

2014

(30/83)

OB

58.0 (52.0–65.0)

Median: 44.8 m

yp: 17/38/4/-

yp: 31/28/-

NR

/

You, K. Y.

China

nRCT

160

CT

54 (15–80)

Median: 47 m

yp: 65/37/10/3

c: 41/74/-

c: -/41/74/-/-

46Gy/23F, FOLFOX-6 or XELOX

FOLFOX or XELOX or CAP

6

2014

(119/41)

OB

62 (39–77)

Median: 41 m

yp: 26/16/3/-

c: 20/25/-

c: -/20/25/-/-

/

Sun, Z.

USA

nRCT

12696

CT

56.0 (48–64)

NR

NR

NR

yp: -/1586/2437/-/-

Chemoradiation

NR

6

2017

(7853/4843)

OB

60.0 (51–69)

NR

NR

NR

yp: -/4401/4272/-/-

NR

Sainato, A.

Italy 2014

RCT

634 (421/213)

CT

Mean: 60.5

Median: 63.7 m

ypT0-2: 150, ypT3-4: 143, ypTx: 3

c: 168/112/44

NR

45 Gy/28F, 5-FU + FA

5-FU + FA

8

OB

Mean: 60.6

Median: 63.7 m

ypT0-2: 169, ypT3-4: 120, ypTx: 5

c: 194/76/40

NR

/

Kulaylat, A. S.

USA

nRCT

8344

CT

NR

NR

NR

yp: 2645/1527/-

c: -/1823/2349/-/-

Chemoradiation

NR

7

2017

(5212/3132)

OB

NR

NR

NR

yp: 3063/1109/-

c: -/1869/2303/-/-

NR

Kuan, F. C.

China

nRCT

259

CT

38 (26-56) w

c: 11/93/9/1

c: 33/81/-

c: -/33/81/-/-

40-60Gy, 5-FU/LV, tegafur or CAP

NR

6

2017

(164/95)

OB

36 (23-56) w

c: 21/114/10/-

c: 52/91/2

c: -/54/91/-/-

NR

Kiran, R. P.

USA

nRCT

128

CT

51.2 (25.8–68.1) m

yp: 29/28/1/-

NR

yp: 28/30/-/-/-

50.4 Gy, 5-FU or

NR

8

2012

(90/38)

OB

54.1 (34.7–78.2) m

yp: 51/19/0/-

NR

yp: 48/22/-/-/-

NR

Jung, K. U.

Korea

nRCT

476

CT

54.0 (46.5-62.5)

Median: 48.4 m

yp: 217/206/18/-

yp: 301/140/-

yp: 182/118/141/-/-

44 Gy/22F, 5-FU or Xeloda or

5-FU

8

2015

(312/164)

OB

64.0 (47.0–72.0)

Median: 42.1 m

yp: 17/17/1/-

yp: 23/12/-

yp: 17/6/12/-/-

/

Geva, R.

Israel

nRCT

52

CT

c: 1/31/-/3

c: 23/9/3

NR

45 or 50.4Gy, 5-FU or CAP

NR

8

2014

(32/20)

OB

c: 2/14/-/1

c: 12/3/2

NR

50.4Gy, 5-FU or CAP

NR

Breugom, A. J.

Netherlands

RCT

437 (270/167)

CT

Median:

5.0 (0.02–13.12) y

NR

NR

yp: -/39/177/-/-

25Gy/5F or 45–50 Gy/25F, 5-FU

5-FU or LV

8

2015

OB

Median:

NR

NR

yp: -/32/189/-/-

/

Bosset, J. F.

France

RCT

1011

CT

NR

10·4 (7·8–13·1) y

c: -/454/52/-

ypN+: 140

NR

45 Gy/25F; 45 Gy/25F,

8

2014

(739/272)

OB

NR

c: -/456/49/-

ypN+: 154

NR

/

Ahn, D. H.

USA

nRCT

110

CT

54.3 (27-76)

NR

yp: 68/-/-/3

p: 37/28/6

NR

Chemoradiation

5-FU or CAP or FOLFOX

5

2017

(68/42)

OB

62 (21-79)

NR

yp: 38/-/-/1

p: 29/7/3

NR

/

Hofheinz, R. D.

German

RCT

1069

OX

NR

Median: 31 m

NR

NR

NR

45-50.4 Gy, CAP + OX

6

2017

FL

NR

Median: 31 m

NR

NR

NR

45-50.4 Gy, CAP

CAP

Patient characteristics based on T category and N category were after propensity-score matching. RCT: randomized controlled trial; nRCT: nonrandomized controlled trial; M/F: male/female; OX: oxaliplatin-based group; FL: fluorouracil-based group; OB: observation group; CT: chemotherapy group; m: month; y: year; w: week; c: clinical stage; yp: pathologic stage after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy; p: pathologic stage; FU: fluorouracil; UTF: uracil + tegafur + fluorouracil; LV: leucovorin; CAP: capecitabine; FA: folinic acid; FOLFOX: fluorouracil + leucovorin + oxaliplatin; XELOX: capecitabine + oxaliplatin; CAPOX: capecitabine + oxaliplatin; IXO: irinotecan + capecitabine + oxaliplatin; “/”: there is no relevant data; NR: not reported; NOS: Newcastle–Ottawa Scale criteria.