Association between Depression, Antidepression Medications, and the Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwan

Table 1

Demographic characteristics, comorbidity, and medication in patient with and without depression.

Variable	Depression		value
	No	Yes
	Sex	(%)		(%)	0.99
Female	28278 (61.2)	28278 (61.2)
Male	17923 (38.8)	17923 (38.8)
Age, mean (SD)	46.2 (17.5)	46.7 (17.3)	0.001
Stratify age			0.99
≤49	27890 (60.4)	27890 (60.4)
50-64	10388 (22.5)	10388 (22.5)
65+	7923 (17.2)	7923 (17.2)
Comorbidity
Hypertension	9321 (20.2)	13549 (29.3)	<0.001
Stroke	822 (1.78)	2058 (4.45)	<0.001
Hyperlipidemia	6737 (14.6)	10802 (23.4)	<0.001
COPD	3981 (8.62)	6887 (14.9)	<0.001
CAD	5086 (11.0)	9430 (20.4)	<0.001
Sleep disorder	7463 (16.2)	26067 (56.4)	<0.001
Asthma	2947 (6.38)	5000 (10.8)	<0.001
Anxiety	4989 (10.8)	36718 (79.5)	<0.001
Obesity	285 (0.62)	491 (1.06)	<0.001
NASH	484 (1.05)	1084 (2.35)	<0.001
Medication
Steroids	30981 (67.1)	37058 (80.2)	<0.001
SSRIs		13728 (29.7)
Tricyclics		2908 (6.29)
MAOIs		23 (0.05)
Heterocyclic antidepressants		4457 (9.65)
Others		2921 (6.32)

Chi-square test; ^#two sample test.