Research Article

Association between Depression, Antidepression Medications, and the Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwan

Table 3

Incidence, crude, and adjusted hazard ratio of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared among depression patients with and without antidepressant treatment compared to nondepression controls.

VariablesEventPYRate#Crude HR (95% CI)Adjusted HR (95% CI)Adjusted HR (95% CI)

Nondepression controls4620113333617783.681 (reference)1 (reference)
Depression without antidepressant treatment221648711520865.731.55 (1.49, 1.63)1.39 (1.31, 1.47)1(reference)
Depression with antidepressant treatment
SSRIs137282611014732.570.70 (0.65, 0.75)0.94 (0.87, 1.01)0.67 (0.62, 0.72)
Tricyclics290891264683.440.93 (0.83, 1.04)0.86 (0.77, 0.96)0.63 (0.56, 0.70)
Heterocyclic antidepressants4457146363434.021.09 (1.00, 1.19)1.25 (1.14,1.38)0.90 (0.82, 0.98)
MAOIs2302140.00
Others292149200542.440.66 (0.57, 0.77)0.98 (0.84, 1.13)0.69 (0.59, 0.80)

Rate#: incidence rate, per 1,000 person-years; Crude HR: crude hazard ratio. Adjusted HR: multivariable analysis including age, sex, and comorbidities of hypertension, stroke, hyperlipidemia, COPD, CAD, sleep disorder, asthma, anxiety, obesity, and NASH, and steroids. , , .