Association between Depression, Antidepression Medications, and the Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwan

Table 4

Hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) associated with cumulative the number of days of SSRIs exposure, tricyclics exposure, and heterocyclic antidepressants exposure among depression patients.

	Event/N	Crude HR	(95% CI)	Adjusted HR^†	(95% CI)
Nonuse of SSRIs	687/14884	1	(Reference)	1	(Reference)
SSRIs^#
<120 days	387/15807	0.53	(0.50, 0.57)	0.66	(0.62, 0.71)
≥120 days	344/15510	0.46	(0.43, 0.49)	0.52	(0.49, 0.56)
Nonuse of TCAs	771/26787	1	(Reference)	1	(Reference)
TCAs^#
<35 days	285/9561	0.94	(0.87, 1.01)	0.78	(0.72, 0.83)
≥35 days	362/19850	1.11	(1.05, 1.20)	0.73	(0.68, 0.78)
Nonuse of heterocyclic antidepressants	726/24557	1	(Reference)	1	(Reference)
Heterocyclic antidepressants^#
<80 days	352/11034	1.01	(0.94, 1.08)	0.98	(0.92, 1.04)
≥80 days	340/10610	0.97	(0.91, 1.04)	0.89	(0.84, 0.96)

^#The annual mean the number of days is partitioned in to 2 segments by median. Crude HR: relative hazard ratio. Adjusted HR^†: multivariable analysis including age, sex, and comorbidities of hypertension, stroke, hyperlipidemia, COPD, CAD, sleep disorder, asthma, anxiety, obesity, and NASH, and steroids. , , .