Research Article
Prevalence and Predominant Genotype of Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women in Iran
Table 1
Prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies according to sociodemographic characteristics and qualitative variables among pregnant women in the south of Iran.
| | No. of all participants (%): 1425 (100%) | No. of HCV Ab-negative subjects (%): 1406 (98.67%) | No. of HCV Ab-positive subjects (%): 19 (1.33%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | value |
| | Age groups (years) | | | | | | | <20 | 108 (7.6%) | 107 (99.1%) | 1 (0.9%) | 1.0 | | | 20–24 | 283 (19.9%) | 283 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2.17 (0.27–17.13) | 0.994 | | 25–29 | 503 (35.3%) | 493 (98.0%) | 10 (2.0%) | 1.48 (0.16–13.4) | 0.462 | | 30–34 | 293 (20.6%) | 289 (98.6%) | 4 (1.4%) | 1.69 (0.17–16.53) | 0.727 | | 35–39 | 192 (13.5%) | 189 (98.4%) | 3 (1.6%) | 2.38 (0.15–38.85) | 0.648 | | >39 | 46 (3.2%) | 45 (97.8%) | 1 (2.2%) | 2.17 (0.27–17.13) | 0.543 | | Place of residence (city) | | | | | | | Bushehr | 616 (43.2%) | 609 (98.9%) | 7 (1.1%) | 1.0 | | | Borazjan | 440 (30.9%) | 435 (98.9%) | 5 (1.1%) | 1.0 (0.32–3.17) | 1.000 | | Ahram | 207 (14.50%) | 205 (99.1%) | 2 (1.0%) | 0.85 (0.17–4.12) | 0.839 | | Jam | 122 (8.6%) | 120 (98.4%) | 2 (1.6%) | 1.45 (0.29–7.06) | 0.646 | | Khormuj | 40 (2.8%) | 37 (92.5%) | 3 (7.5%) | 7.05 (1.75–28.39) | 0.006 | | Ethnicity | | | | | | | Fars | 1283 (90.0%) | 1265 (98.6%) | 18 (1.4%) | 1.0 | | | Arab | 68 (4.8%) | 67 (98.5%) | 1 (1.5%) | 1.05 (0.14–7.98) | 0.963 | | Afghan | 62 (4.4%) | 62 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.00 | 0.997 | | Turk | 12 (0.8%) | 12 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.00 | 0.999 | | Stage of gestation | | | | | | | First trimester | 256 (18.0%) | 256 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.0 | | | Second trimester | 194 (13.6%) | 193 (99.5%) | 1 (0.5%) | 0.00 | 0.995 | | Third trimester | 975 (68.4%) | 957 (98.2%) | 18 (1.8%) | 0.275 (0.04–2.08) | 0.211 | | Number of pregnancies | | | | | | | One pregnancy | 440 (30.9%) | 434 (98.6%) | 6 (1.4%) | 1.0 | | | Two pregnancies | 453 (31.8) | 444 (98.0%) | 9 (2.0%) | 1.466 (0.51–4.15) | 0.471 | | Three pregnancies | 332 (23.3) | 330 (99.4%) | 2 (0.6%) | 0.438 (0.09–2.19) | 0.314 | | Four pregnancies | 134 (9.4%) | 132 (98.5%) | 2 (1.5%) | 1.096 (0.22–5.49) | 0.911 | | More than four pregnancies | 66 (4.6%) | 66 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.00 | 0.997 | | History of abortion | | | | | | | No | 934 (65.5%) | 921 (98.6%) | 13 (1.4%) | 1.0 | | | Yes | 231 (16.2%) | 227 (98.3%) | 4 (1.7%) | 1.248 (0.40–3.86) | 0.700 | | Unknown | 260 (18.2%) | 258 (99.2%) | 2 (0.8%) | 0.549 (0.12–2.45) | 0.432 | | Education | | | | | | | Upper diploma | 366 (25.7%) | 360 (98.4%) | 6 (1.6%) | 1.0 | | | Diploma | 677 (47.5%) | 666 (98.4%) | 11 (1.6%) | 0.99 (0.36–2.70) | 0.986 | | Under diploma | 340 (23.9%) | 338 (99.4%) | 2 (0.6%) | 0.35 (0.07–1.77) | 0.207 | | Uneducated | 42 (2.9%) | 42 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.00 | 0.998 | | Year | | | | | | | 2018 | 797 (55.9%) | 792 (99.4%) | 5 (0.6%) | 1.0 | | | 2019 | 628 (44.1%) | 614 (97.8%) | 14 (2.2%) | 3.61 (1.29–10.08) | 0.014 | | Month | | | | | | | Oct | 113 (7.9%) | 112 (99.1%) | 1 (0.9%) | 1.0 | | | Nov | 102 (7.2%) | 102 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.00 | 0.997 | | Dec | 112 (7.9%) | 111 (99.1%) | 1 (0.9%) | 1.01 (0.06–16.33) | 0.995 | | Jan | 108 (7.6%) | 105 (97.2%) | 3 (2.8%) | 3.20 (0.33–31.25) | 0.317 | | Feb | 291 (20.4%) | 290 (99.7%) | 1 (0.3%) | 0.39 (0.02–6.23) | 0.502 | | Mar | 248 (17.4%) | 246 (99.2%) | 2 (0.8%) | 0.91 (0.08–10.15) | 0.939 | | Apr | 131 (9.2%) | 128 (97.7%) | 3 (2.3%) | 2.63 (0.27–25.59) | 0.406 | | May | 168 (11.8%) | 162 (96.4%) | 6 (3.6%) | 4.15 (0.49–34.93) | 0.191 | | June | 123 (8.6%) | 122 (99.2%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.92 (0.06–14.85) | 0.952 | | July | 29 (2.0%) | 28 (96.6%) | 1 (3.4%) | 4.00 (0.24–65.95) | 0.332 | | Smoking | | | | | | | No | 836 (58.7%) | 821 (98.2%) | 15 (1.8%) | 1.0 | | | Yes | 62 (4.4%) | 61 (98.4%) | 1 (1.6%) | 0.90 (0.12–6.91) | 0.917 | | Unknown | 527 (37.0%) | 524 (99.4%) | 3 (0.6%) | 0.31 (0.09–1.09) | 0.068 | | History of blood injection | | | | | | | No | 892 (62.6%) | 877 (98.3%) | 15 (1.7%) | 1.0 | | | Yes | 18 (1.3%) | 17 (94.4%) | 1 (5.6%) | 3.44 (0.43–27.54) | 0.245 | | Unknown | 515 (36.1%) | 512 (99.4%) | 3 (0.6%) | 0.34 (0.10–1.19) | 0.092 | | History of operation | | | | | | | No | 692 (48.6%) | 683 (98.7%) | 9 (1.3%) | 1.0 | | | Yes | 218 (15.3%) | 211 (96.8%) | 7 (3.2%) | 2.52 (0.93–6.84) | 0.070 | | Unknown | 515 (36.1%) | 512 (99.4%) | 3 (0.6%) | 0.45 (0.12–1.65) | 0.226 | | History of tattoo | | | | | | | No | 786 (55.2%) | 771 (98.1%) | 15 (1.9%) | 1.0 | | | Yes | 124 (8.7%) | 123 (99.2%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.42 (0.05–3.19) | 0.400 | | Unknown | 515 (36.1%) | 512 (99.4%) | 3 (0.6%) | 0.30 (0.09–1.05) | 0.059 | | History of dentistry | | | | | | | No | 504 (35.4%) | 497 (98.6%) | 7 (1.4%) | 1.0 | | | Yes | 406 (28.5%) | 397 (97.8%) | 9 (2.2%) | 1.61 (0.59–4.36) | 0.349 | | Unknown | 515 (36.1%) | 512 (99.4%) | 3 (0.6%) | 0.42 (0.11–1.62) | 0.206 | | History of HBV vaccination | | | | | | | No | 314 (22.0%) | 305 (97.1%) | 9 (2.9%) | 1.0 | | | Yes | 314 (22.0%) | 309 (98.4%) | 5 (1.6%) | 0.55 (0.18–1.65) | 0.286 | | Unknown | 797 (55.9%) | 792 (99.4%) | 5 (0.6%) | 0.21 (0.07–0.64) | 0.006 |
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