Progressive Resistance Exercises plus Manual Therapy Is Effective in Improving Isometric Strength in Overhead Athletes with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 5

of outcome measure of both group and summary of mixed model ANOVA.

Variables	Time (wk)	M.D. (G)		T		G
		PRE plus MT (n:40)	MCE (n:40)	p	E.S	p	E.S	p	E.S
UT Str.	4^th			0.008	0.65	0.004	0.39	0.007	0.62
	8^th
MT Str.	4^th			0.007	0.80	0.009	0.16	0.006	0.77
	8^th
LT Str.	4^th			0.009	0.48	0.005	0.38	0.008	0.45
	8^th
SA Str.	4^th				0.93		0.36	0.002	0.91
	8^th
Supr. Str.	4^th; 8^th			0.005	0.85	0.004	0.39	0.004	0.84
A.D Str.	4^th; 8^th			0.003	0.90	0.003	0.40	0.003	0.88
LD Str.	4^th; 8^th			0.002	0.93	0.007	0.33	0.002	0.92

Abbreviation: PRE plus MT group: progressive resistance exercise plus manual therapy group; MCE group: motor control exercise group; : number of athletes; UT: upper trapezius; MTr: middle trapezius; LT: lower trapezius; SA: serratus anterior; Supr: supraspinatus; A.D: anterior deltoid; LD: latissimus dorsi; time (wk): measurement at 4^th and 8^th week; M.D (G).: mean change groups; E.S: effect size: time effects; G: group effects; : ; Str: strength; : significant at ; : nonsignificant at .