[Retracted] Exposure to Ambient Air Pollutant PM10 in the Second Trimester of Pregnancy Is Associated with Preterm Birth: A Birth-Based Health Information Cohort Study
Table 3
Logistic regression of factors associated with PTB in the second trimester of pregnancy.
Subgroup
(μg/m3)
(μg/m3)
OR (95% CI)
value
OR (95% CI)
value
Maternal age
<25
1.02 (0.82, 1.28)
0.852
1.88 (1.61, 2.19)
<0.001
25-29
1.03 (0.94, 1.13)
0.574
1.75 (1.62, 1.88)
<0.001
30-34
0.99 (0.90, 1.07)
0.733
1.77 (1.61, 1.95)
<0.001
≥35
0.97 (0.87, 1.09)
0.628
1.86 (1.61, 2.14)
<0.001
Sex of infant
Male
0.97 (0.90, 1.05)
0.485
1.87 (1.71, 2.03)
<0.001
Female
1.01 (0.93, 1.09)
0.868
1.72 (1.61, 1.85)
<0.001
Missing
1.19 (0.85, 1.67)
0.315
1.81 (1.49, 2.19)
<0.001
Parity
1
0.99 (0.92, 1.07)
0.847
1.78 (1.66, 1.91)
<0.001
2
1.02 (0.94, 1.11)
0.589
1.78 (1.65, 1.93)
<0.001
≥3
0.85 (0.67, 1.07)
0.173
1.90 (1.39, 2.59)
<0.001
Preeclampsia
No
0.99 (0.94, 1.05)
0.850
1.79 (1.70, 1.89)
<0.001
Yes
1.48 (0.62, 3.52)
0.379
1.61 (1.38, 1.88)
<0.001
Diabetes
No
1.01 (0.96, 1.08)
0.648
1.81 (1.71, 1.92)
<0.001
Yes
0.95 (0.85, 1.06)
0.359
1.63 (1.45, 1.83)
<0.001
Maternal obesity
No
1.00 (0.95, 1.05)
0.9464
1.76 (1.68, 1.85)
<0.001
Yes
—
—
Maternal anemia
No
1.00 (0.93, 1.07)
0.964
1.72 (1.62, 1.83)
<0.001
Yes
1.00 (0.92, 1.08)
0.956
1.87 (1.72, 2.04)
<0.001
Mode of delivery
Vaginal
0.97 (0.40, 2.36)
0.941
—
Cesarean
1.03 (0.96, 1.11)
0.397
1.80 (1.69, 1.91)
<0.001
History of cesarean section
No
0.99 (0.94, 1.05)
0.805
1.81 (1.71, 1.92)
<0.001
Yes
1.03 (0.91, 1.16)
0.627
1.67 (1.51, 1.85)
<0.001
Year of conception
2015
1.07 (0.80, 1.43)
0.6656
—
2016
1.04 (0.99, 1.09)
0.0909
8.04 (6.15, 10.52)
<0.001
Season of conception
Spring
0.93 (0.81, 1.07)
0.2986
2.57 (1.95, 3.40)
<0.001
Summer
1.06 (0.90, 1.24)
0.5187
—
Autumn
1.01 (0.92, 1.11)
0.8591
1.24 (0.73, 2.09)
0.4271
Winter
2.01 (1.28, 3.15)
0.0023
1.59 (1.50, 1.68)
<0.001
Odds ratio estimates for covariates are adjusted for other factors listed in the first column of the table as well as season of conception, parity, maternal age, preeclampsia, history of cesarean section, maternal anemia, maternal obesity, and diabetes. The odds ratio estimates for PM10 or ≥60 μg/m3 are from separate models with adjustment for the same covariates as listed above.
