Surgical Parameters Related to Excessive Intrarenal Pressure during Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in the Supine Position: A Prospective Observational Clinical Study

Figure 2

(a) Measurement of intrarenal pressure (IRP) and typical findings of pressure change according to procedures. (A-1) MP36 Student Lab system, (A-2) catheter connection, (A-3) initial IRP, (A-4) IRP during the upper-pole navigation, (A-5) IRP at the table tilting phase, and (A-6) IRP at the stone retrieval phase with the vacuum cleaning effect. (b) Initial IRP. (c) IRP change according to the procedures. (d) IRP change according to the initial IRP cut-off level at 20 cmH₂O.

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