Pioglitazone Mediates Cardiac Progenitor Formation through Increasing ROS Levels

<div>Beating area, gene expression, and percentage of embryoid body-derived precursors converted to beating heart objects in mature heart cells treated with pioglitazone in combination with two types of antioxidants. Morphological illustration (a) and beating area percentages (b) of generated mESC-derived beating EBs treated with antioxidant CoQ10 along with Pio, on the day 14. Scale bar is 200 mm. Relative expression levels of a-MHC (c), cTnT (d), and Sm22a (e) in beating EBs treated with CoQ10 along with Pio, on day 14. 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-15C349 -15 438 69 438 174C438 287 344 333 265 374C186 414 138 449 138 522C138 576 172 631 249 631C336 631 363 562 380 499L409 504Z"></path></g></svg>EM (<svg height="8.68572pt" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-0.0498209pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 8.15071 8.68572" width="8.15071pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M600 480C600 590 528 650 384 650H143L137 622C222 614 225 607 210 531L130 127C113 41 106 36 23 28L17 0H294L300 28C204 36 195 42 212 127L243 284L314 263C327 263 339 263 352 264C465 271 600 337 600 480ZM508 481C508 351 402 304 329 304C289 304 265 311 250 317L295 559C302 594 310 606 323 611C335 616 350 619 367 619C455 619 508 573 508 481Z"></path></g></svg> value &lt; 0.05). Alphabets indicate significant difference between samples at <svg height="8.68572pt" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-0.0498209pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 8.15071 8.68572" width="8.15071pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M600 480C600 590 528 650 384 650H143L137 622C222 614 225 607 210 531L130 127C113 41 106 36 23 28L17 0H294L300 28C204 36 195 42 212 127L243 284L314 263C327 263 339 263 352 264C465 271 600 337 600 480ZM508 481C508 351 402 304 329 304C289 304 265 311 250 317L295 559C302 594 310 606 323 611C335 616 350 619 367 619C455 619 508 573 508 481Z"></path></g></svg> value &lt; 0.05. A represents significance vs. no treatment and B vs. Pio. (f) Percentages of beating EBs treated with antioxidant CoQ10 along with Pio, on the day 14.</div>

BioMed Research International

fig6

Figure 6

Figure 6: Pioglitazone Mediates Cardiac Progenitor Formation through Increasing ROS Levels 