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| Host country | Year | Age (years) | Study population size | Source of data registrations for stroke/immigrants | Study period | Study design |
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| Canada [14] | 2021 | 18–104 | Long-term residents 31918; immigrants 2740 | Ontario Stroke Registry (OSR) and provincial administrative databases (the Ministry of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship) | 2002–2018 | Retrospective cohort study |
| Denmark [15] | 2016 | ≥18 | Danish-born 8746; 70339 family-reunified immigrants | The National Patient Registry and the Danish Immigration Services | 1993–2010 | Prospective cohort study |
| Canada [16] | 2015 | 30–74 | 5.2 million long-term residents; 824662 immigrants (from 201 countries of birth) | Citizenship and Immigration Canada’s Permanent Resident database and 9 population-based health databases | 1985–2000 | Retrospective cohort study |
| Sweden [17] | 2014 | ≥16 | 321407 Swedish and 307174 foreign-born persons | Statistics Sweden (SCB) and the National Board of Health and Welfare Centre for Epidemiology | 1970–1999 | Retrospective cohort study |
| The Netherlands [18] | 2014 | ≥30 | Ethnic Dutch 2271489; immigrants 125957 (5 countries) | Dutch national registers: Population Register, Hospital Discharge Register, Cause of Death Register, and Regional Income Survey | 1998–2010 | Retrospective cohort study |
| United States [19] | 2012 | ≥50 | Non-Hispanic White 14360; foreign-born Hispanic 746 | The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) | 1998–2008 | Retrospective cohort study |
| Northern Ireland [20] | 2011 | 25–74 | Northern Ireland 837646; immigrants 92573 | NISRA | 2001–2007 | Prospective cohort study |
| Canada [21] | 2021 | 18–104 | All immigrants 1216557; long-term residents 6873967 | ICES (the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences) and the Immigration Refugee and Citizenship Canada database | 2003–2018 | Retrospective cohort study |
| Australia [22] | 2011 | NA | Australian-born 331483 and immigrants 1275463 | Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) census data | 2001–2002 | Retrospective cohort study |
| Canada [1] | 2010 | 16–65 | Long-term residents 3272393; immigrants 965829 | Three provincial healthcare administrative databases and the Canadian Institute for Health Information Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) | 1995–2007 | Retrospective cohort study |
| The Netherlands [23] | 2009 | NA | Ethnic Dutch 38489; immigrants 4723 | The national hospital discharge register (HDR), the Dutch population register (PR) and the causes of death register of statistics Netherlands | 1997–2000 | Retrospective cohort study |
| Portugal [24] | 2008 | 25–64 | Born in Portugal 5093910; African migrants 261970 | The Instituto Nacional de Estatı’stica in Portugal and tabulated population data from the 2001 Census | 1998–2002 | Retrospective cohort study |
| Sweden [25] | 2004 | 40–89 | Swedish-born 98961; immigrants 14701 | The National Swedish Census investigation and the STROMA | 1990–2000 | Retrospective cohort study |
| United States [26] | 2010 | ≥35 | Long-term residents NA; immigrants 4943041 | The New York City Department of Health (NYCDOH) and US Census Public | 1990–2002 | Retrospective cohort study |
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