A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Associations between Immigration Status and Stroke Incidence and Mortality

Table 2

Summary of results from studies comparing the incidence rate of stroke in immigrants (according to country/region of origin) vs. the host population.

Host country	Western Europe, Australia, and North America	Eastern and Middle Europe	East and Southeast Asia	Western Asia/Arab countries	Latin America	Africa
Denmark	Western incl. EU (0.56; 0.42–0.74)	Former Yugoslavia (0.76; 0.68–0.82)	Thailand: NA	Afghanistan (0.71; 0.54–0.93); Iraq (0.73; 0.62–0.86); Turkey (0.77; 0.58–1.02)		Somalia (0.49; 0.38-0.64)
Canada	White-Western European (male) (0.9; 0.8–1.1); white-Western European (female) (0.7; 0.6–0.8)	White-Eastern European (male) (1.3; 1.1–1.5); White-Eastern European (female) (0.8; 0.7–0.9)	(Male) East Asian (0.7; 0.6–0.8); Southeast Asian (1.5; 1.3–1.7); South Asian (1.2; 1.1–1.3); (Female) East Asian (0.6; 0.5–0.7); Southeast Asian (1.0; 0.8–1.1); South Asian (0.8; 0.7–0.9)	West Asian/Arab (male) (0.8; 0.7–0.9); West Asian/Arab (female) (0.7; 0.6–0.9)	Latin American (male) (1.3; 1.1–1.6); Latin American (female) (1.1; 0.9–1.2)	Black (male) (1.5; 1.3–1.8); black (female) (1.1; 1.0–1.3)
The Netherlands			Indonesia (1.03; 0.95-1.12)	Turkey (0.95; 0.81-1.11); Morocco (0.37; 0.24-0.57)	Suriname (1.36; 1.20–1.55); Netherlands Antilles (1.35; 1.01–1.81)
United States	Hispanics (0.76: 0.55–1.05)
Australia	North America (0.92; 0.57-1.40); Northern Europe (0.91; 0.33-1.97); the United Kingdom and Ireland (0.65; 0.56-0.75); Western Europe (0.85; 0.68-1.07)	Eastern Europe (0.74; 0.53-1.00); Southern Europe (0.86; 0.77-0.97); former USSR and Baltic States (1.26; 0.73-2.02)	Northeast Asia (0.56; 0.41-0.74); Southeast Asia (0.87; 0.74-1.02); Southern Asia (0.75; 0.59-0.94)	Middle East: (1.10; 0.87-1.39)	South and Central America (0.86; 0.54-1.30)	Africa (0.80; 0.60-1.03)
Canada	Western countries (0.67; 0.65-0.69)		East Asian (0.61; 0.59–0.63); South Asian (0.69; 0.66–0.7)	Middle East (0.63; 0.60-0.67)	Caribbean (0.95; 0.91-1.00); Latin American (0.86; 0.82-0.91)	African (0.80; 0.74-0.85)
Sweden	Germany (1.00; 0.80–1.2); Denmark (0.91; 0.76–1.1); Poland (0.96; 0.78–1.2); Finland (1.07; 0.81–1.4); Norway (0.87; 0.56–1.3); Romania (0.13; 0.03–0.52)	Former Yugoslavia (1.31; 1.10–1.6); former Soviet Union (1.41; 0.92–2.1); Czechoslovakia (0.95; 0.58–1.5); Hungary (1.33; 1.02–1.7)	China/Vietnam (1.50; 0.94–2.4)		Chile (0.79; 0.38–1.7)