[Retracted] Training a Feedforward Neural Network Using Hybrid Gravitational Search Algorithm with Dynamic Multiswarm Particle Swarm Optimization

Figure 4

Convergence curves of different algorithms based on averages of MSE for all training samples over 30 independent runs in a 3-bit XOR problem. (a–d) Are the convergence curves for FNNs with , 9, 13, and 20, respectively.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)