Research Article

[Retracted] Training a Feedforward Neural Network Using Hybrid Gravitational Search Algorithm with Dynamic Multiswarm Particle Swarm Optimization

Table 3

In a 3-bit XOR problem, the average, best, and standard deviation of MSE for all training samples were calculated during 30 different runs.

Hidden nodes ()AlgorithmAverage MSEBest MSEStd. MSE

5FNNGSADMSPSO
FNNPSOGSA
FNNGG-GSA
FNNGSA









6FNNGSADMSPSO
FNNPSOGSA
FNNGG-GSA
FNNGSA









7FNNGSADMSPSO
FNNPSOGSA
FNNGG-GSA
FNNGSA









8FNNGSADMSPSO
FNNPSOGSA
FNNGG-GSA
FNNGSA









9FNNGSADMSPSO
FNNPSOGSA
FNNGG-GSA
FNNGSA









10FNNGSADMSPSO
FNNPSOGSA
FNNGG-GSA
FNNGSA









11FNNGSADMSPSO
FNNPSOGSA
FNNGG-GSA
FNNGSA









13FNNGSADMSPSO
FNNPSOGSA
FNNGG-GSA
FNNGSA









15FNNGSADMSPSO
FNNPSOGSA
FNNGG-GSA
FNNGSA









20FNNGSADMSPSO
FNNPSOGSA
FNNGG-GSA
FNNGSA









30FNNGSADMSPSO
FNNPSOGSA
FNNGG-GSA
FNNGSA