Labor Induction with Intravaginal Misoprostol versus Spontaneous Labor: Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes

Table 3

Comparison of the results of the subgroups.

	Primiparous				Multiparous
	Multiple ()	Single ()	Spontaneous ()		Multiple ()	Single ()	Spontaneous ()
Age (y)				0.677^a				0.315^a
BMI (kg/cm^2)				0.566^a				0.209^a
Gestational week	39.2 (37.5-41)	39.2 (37.3-40.3)	39.1 (37.1-40.4)	0.073^k	39.1 (37.3-40.3)	38.5 (37.2-40.3)	39.2 (37.2-40.2)	0.519^k
Bishop score	3 (2-6)	3 (0-6)	5 (2-12)^AB	<0.001^k	3 (2-5)	4 (2-7)	6 (3-12)^AB	<0.001^k
Number of doses administered	2 (2-4)^BC	1 (1-1)^C	0 (0-0)	<0.001^k	2 (2-4)	1 (1-1)	0 (0-0)^AB	<0.001^k
Oxytocin initiation				0.021^C				0.526^f
No	15 (32.6)	25 (54.3)^A	35 (59.3)^A		7 (63.6)	7 (46.7)	23 (63.9)
Yes	31 (67.4)^BC	21 (45.7)	24 (40.7)		4 (36.4)	8 (53.3)	13 (36.1)
Indication for induction of labor				<0.001^ff				0.002^ff
Elective	31 (67.4)^BC	10 (21.7)^C	4 (6.8)		6 (54.5)^C	5 (33.3)	4 (11.1)
Fetal indications	0 (0.0)	1 (2.2)	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Term pregnant women with irregular contractions	6 (13.0)	12 (26.1)	37 (62.7)^AB		1 (9.1)	6 (40.0)	25 (69.4)^AB
Maternal indications	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)		1 (9.1)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Post maturity	3 (6.5)	1 (2.2)	0 (0.0)		0 (0.0)	1 (6.7)	1 (2.8)
RoM	6 (13.0)	22 (47.8)^A	18 (30.5)^A		3 (27.3)	3 (20.0)	6 (16.7)
Epidural analgesia				0.001^C				0.090^ff
No	3 (6.5)	5 (10.9)	19 (32.2)^AB		2 (18.2)	3 (20.0)	17 (47.2)
Yes	43 (93.5)^C	41 (89.1)^C	40 (67.8)		9 (81.8)	12 (80.0)	19 (52.8)
Duration of second stage of labor (min)	36.5 (11-209)	33.5 (7-107)	34 (3-173)	0.792^k	27 (15-180)	20 (5-119)	20.5 (4-141)	0.249^k
Time from the last dose to delivery	720 (17-2880)	483 (60-1860)	—	<0.001^U	600 (350-1500)	434 (241-756)	—	0.244^U
Interventional delivery				0.609^C				0.071^ff
No	37 (80.4)	38 (82.6)	52 (88.1)		10 (90.9)	13 (86.7)	36 (100.0)
Yes	9 (19.6)	8 (17.4)	7 (11.9)		1 (9.1)	2 (13.3)	0 (0.0)
Fetal distress				0.999^ff				0.999^ff
No	43 (93.5)	43 (93.5)	55 (93.2)		11 (100.0)	15 (100.0)	34 (94.4)
Yes	3 (6.5)	3 (6.5)	4 (6.8)		0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (5.6)
Gender of the baby				0.836^C				0.492^ff
Female	19 (41.3)	22 (47.8)	26 (44.1)		5 (45.5)	8 (53.3)	23 (63.9)
Male	27 (58.7)	24 (52.2)	33 (55.9)		6 (54.5)	7 (46.7)	13 (36.1)
NICU admission				0.091^C				0.999^ff
No	42 (91.3)	36 (78.3)	54 (91.5)		9 (81.8)	13 (86.7)	30 (83.3)
Yes	4 (8.7)	10 (21.7)	5 (8.5)		2 (18.2)	2 (13.3)	6 (16.7)
Birth weight				0.507^a				0.372^a
Duration of hospitalization to birth (hours)	831.5 (515-2895)^BC	611 (11-1920)^C	379 (23-1466)	<0.001^k	735 (385-1754)	494 (256-912)	261.5 (20-950)^AB	<0.001^k
APGAR
1st min	9 (7-10)	9 (7-10)	9 (7-10)	0.333^k	9 (8-10)	9 (8-9)	9 (6-10)	0.883^k
5th min	10 (8-19)	10 (9-10)	10 (8-10)	0.816^k	10 (9-10)	10 (9-10)	10 (8-10)	0.421^k
The value for APGAR 1st vs. 5th min (M)	<0.001^W	<0.001^W	<0.001^W		0.008^W	<0.001^W	<0.001^W
Difference (5-1) m	1 (0-10)	1 (0-2)	1 (0-1)	0.725^k	1 (0-1)	1 (0-1)	1 (0-2)	0.718^k

^aOne-way ANOVA (robust statistic: Brown-Forsythe). ^kKruskal-Wallis test (Monte Carlo); post hoc test: Dunn’s test. ^ffFisher-Freeman-Halton (Monte Carlo). ^ePearson chi-square test (Monte Carlo); post hoc test: Benjamini-Hochberg correction. ^UMann–Whitney test (Monte Carlo). ^WWilcoxon signed rank test (Monte Carlo); quantitative variables are shown as or median (min-max); categorical data were shown as (%). ^ASignificance according to the multiple-dose group. ^BSignificance according to the single-dose group. ^CSignificance according to the spontaneous birth group.