Risk Factors Affecting Muscle Mass Decline in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Table 1
Comparison of patient demographics, nutritional parameters, biochemical measures, vitamins, and anthropometric indices between the normal muscle mass group and the muscle mass declined group.
Parameters
Normal group ()
Declined group ()
Patient demographics
Male (%)
10 (40.0)
23 (48.9)
.469
Age (y)
.007
Duration of dialysis (y)
.551
.094
Primary disease
Glomerulonephritis (%)
6 (24.0)
23 (48.9)
.072
Hypertension (%)
3 (12.0)
10 (21.3)
.330
Diabetes (%)
6 (24.0)
5 (10.6)
.134
Others/unknown (%)
10 (40.0)
9 (19.1)
.103
Complications
Cardiovascular disease
2 (8.0)
7 (14.9)
.400
Cerebrovascular events
3 (12.0)
6 (12.8)
.925
Severe inflammations
5 (20.0)
10 (21.3)
.899
Hospitalizations
14 (56.0)
30 (63.8)
.516
Nutritional parameters
nPNA (g/kg/d)
.499
Serum albumin (g/L)
.265
Hemoglobin (g/L)
.237
HbA1c (%)
.586
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)
.270
Cholesterol (mmol/L)
.792
MQSGA score
.144
Biochemical measures
hs-CRP (mg/L)
1.34 (0.47, 5.31)
1.33 (0.56, 4.20)
.257
Log NT-proBNP
.674
CO2-CP (mmol/L)
.137
Ca (mmol/L)
.920
P (mmol/L)
.449
iPTH (pg/mL)
169.5 (97.0, 282.5)
253.5 (125.8, 357.0)
.723
Vitamins
Vitamin A (μmol/L)
.419
Vitamin B1 (nmol/L)
.885
Vitamin B2 (μg/L)
.093
Vitamin B6 (μmol/L)
.140
Vitamin B9 (nmol/L)
.547
Vitamin B12 (pg/mL)
.695
Vitamin C (μmol/L)
.414
25(OH)D (nmol/L)
.006
Vitamin E (μg/mL)
.474
Anthropometric indices
Body fat rate (%)
.743
Waist/hip ratio
.821
ASM/H2 (kg/m2)
.663
MAMC (cm)
Male
.923
Female
.012
Handgrip (kg)
Male
.701
Female
.187
Daily steps
.157
Note: values indicate , proportion, or median (IQR). nPNA: normalized protein equivalent of nitrogen appearance; MQSGA: modified quantitative subjective global assessment; hs-CRP: hypersensitive C-reactive protein; NT-proBNP: N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide; CO2-CP: carbon dioxide combining power; iPTH: intact parathyroid hormone; ASM/H2: height-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass; MAMC: midarm muscle circumference; .
