Risk Factors Affecting Muscle Mass Decline in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

Table 3

Comparison of patient demographics, nutritional parameters, biochemical measures, vitamins, and muscle measures between the low- and high-rate groups.

Parameters	Low-rate group ()	High-rate group ()
Patient demographics
Male (%)	8 (36.4)	15 (60.0)	.715
Age (y)			.062
Duration of dialysis (y)			.016
			.234
Muscle decline rate (kg/m^2/y)			.000
Complications
Cardiovascular disease	2 (9.0)	5 (25.0)	.295
Cerebrovascular events	1 (4.5)	5 (25.0)	.113
Severe inflammations	6 (27.3)	4 (16.0)	.346
Hospitalizations	14 (63.6)	16 (64.0)	.979
Nutritional parameters
nPNA (g/kg/d)			.822
Serum albumin (g/L)			.154
Hemoglobin (g/L)			.175
HbA1c (%)			.167
Serum creatinine (μmol/L)			.248
Cholesterol (mmol/L)			.334
MQSGA score			.839
Biochemical measures
hs-CRP (mg/L)	1.50 (0.67, 3.29)	0.85 (0.45, 4.99)	.987
Log NT-proBNP			.006
CO2-CP (mmol/L)			.486
Ca (mmol/L)			.983
P (mmol/L)			.198
iPTH (pg/mL)	259.0 (115.3, 443.3)	198.0 (121.3, 313.5)	.369
Vitamins
Vitamin A (μmol/L)			.067
Vitamin B1 (nmol/L)			.522
Vitamin B2 (μg/L)			.018
Vitamin B6 (μmol/L)			.458
Vitamin B9 (nmol/L)			.048
Vitamin B12 (pg/mL)			.048
Vitamin C (μmol/L)			.017
25(OH)D (nmol/L)			.048
Vitamin E (μg/mL)			.047
Anthropometric indices
Body fat rate (%)			.919
Waist/hip ratio			.631
ASM/H^2 (kg/m^2)			.196
MAMC (cm)
Male			.789
Female			.231
Handgrip (kg)
Male			.078
Female			.963
Daily steps			.120

Note: values indicate , proportions, or median (IQR). nPNA: normalized protein equivalent of nitrogen appearance; MQSGA: modified quantitative subjective global assessment; hs-CRP: hypersensitive C-reactive protein; NT-proBNP: N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide; CO₂-CP: carbon dioxide combining power; iPTH: intact parathyroid hormone; ASM/H²: height-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass; MAMC: midarm muscle circumference; .