Research Article
Gender Discrepancy in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Study from a Level 1 Trauma Center
Table 2
Characteristics, management and outcomes of TBI patients by gender and age (
).
| | Males () | Females () | | Age 14-54 yrs (, 91.6%) | Age ≥55 yrs (, 8.4%) | value | Age 14-54 yrs (, 76.9%) | Age ≥55 yrs (, 23.1%) | value |
| | Mechanism of injury | | | | | | | | Motor vehicle crashes | 418 (29.8) | 29 (22.7) | 0.001 | 35 (50.0) | 4 (19.0) | 0.001 for all | | Fall from height | 459 (32.8) | 68 (53.1) | | 11 (15.7) | 13 (61.9) | | | Pedestrian | 235 (16.8) | 22 (17.2) | | 9 (12.9) | 2 (9.5) | | | Other mechanisms | 289 (20.6) | 9 (7.0) | | 15 (21.4) | 2 (9.5) | | | Injuries | | | | | | | | Chest | 510 (36.4) | 49 (38.3) | 0.67 | 30 (42.9) | 5 (23.8) | 0.12 | | Abdominal | 173 (12.3) | 14 (10.9) | 0.64 | 15 (21.4) | 1 (4.8) | 0.08 | | Musculoskeletal | 676 (48.3) | 49 (38.3) | 0.03 | 39 (55.7) | 4 (19.0) | 0.003 | | Type of TBI | | | | | | | | (i) SDH | 346 (24.7) | 60 (46.9) | 0.001 | 17 (24.3) | 11 (52.4) | 0.17 for all | | (ii) EDH | 343 (24.5) | 11 (8.6) | | 10 (14.3) | 2 (9.5) | | | (iii) Contusion | 259 (18.5) | 17 (13.3) | | 17 (24.3) | 1 (4.8) | | | (iv) SAH | 102 (7.3) | 17 (13.3) | | 9 (12.9) | 3 (14.3) | | | (v) DAI | 99 (7.1) | 11 (8.6) | | 7 (10.0) | 1 (4.8) | | | (vi) Edema | 98 (7.0) | 3 (2.3) | | 1 (1.4) | 1 (4.8) | | | (vii) Others | 154 (11.0) | 9 (7.0) | | 9 (12.9) | 2 (9.5) | | | (viii) Midline shift | 307 (21.9) | 35 (27.3) | 0.15 | 12 (17.1) | 6 (28.6) | 0.25 | | Injury characteristics | | | | | | | | GCS at ED | 13 IQR (3-15) | 15 IQR (10-15) | 0.001 | 13 IQR (3-15) | 15 IQR (13-15) | 0.60 | | Median AIS head | 3 IQR (3-5) | 4 IQR (3-5) | 0.45 | 3 IQR (3-5) | 3 IQR (3-4) | 0.99 | | Injury severity score | 22 IQR (14-29) | 19 IQR (12-29) | 0.39 | 22 IQR (14-29) | 17 IQR (10-20) | 0.05 | | Intubation | 684 (48.8) | 51 (39.8) | 0.05 | 33 (47.1) | 4 (19.0) | 0.02 | | Ventilator days | | | | | | | | (i) >7 days | 353(25.2) | 26 (20.3) | 0.15 | 15 (21.4) | 2 (9.5) | 0.07 for all | | (ii) ≤7 days | 331 (23.6) | 25 (19.5) | | 18 (25.7) | 2 (9.5) | | | (iii) Not intubated | 717 (51.2) | 77 (60.2) | | 37 (52.9) | 17 (81.0) | | | Ventilator-associated pneumonia | 145 (10.3) | 11 (8.6) | 0.53 | 12 (17.1) | 1 (4.8) | 0.16 | | Outcomes | | | | | | | | LOS | 10 IQR (5-22) | 9 IQR (4-26) | 0.45 | 11 IQR (5-26) | 6 IQR (4-11) | 0.35 | | LOS>30 days | 217 (15.5) | 26 (20.3) | 0.15 | 15 (21.4) | 3 (14.3) | 0.47 | | Mortality | 164 (11.7) | 27 (21.1) | 0.002 | 8 (11.4) | 4 (19.0) | 0.37 |
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SDH: subdural hematoma; EDH: epidural hematoma; SAH: subarachnoid hemorrhage; DAI: diffuse axonal injury; GCS: Glasgow coma score; ED: emergency department; AIS: abbreviated injury score; ISS: injury severity score; LOS: length of stay.
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