The Anticancer Role of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles by Inducing Antioxidant Activity in Esophageal Cancer and Cancer Stem-Like ESCC Spheres

Figure 3

The effect of CNPs on ROS level in YM1 and CSC-LC cell lines. ROS level decreased significantly in both cell lines in comparison to the control (untreated cells). Section (a): the level of intracellular ROS in YM1 cell line. Section (b): the level of intracellular ROS in CSC-LC. ( shows a significant difference between each concentration and the control group and ^# shows a significant difference between different concentrations) ( or ^# value < 0.05, or ^##  value < 0.01, or ^### value < 0.001, or ^#### value < 0.0001) (CNP: cerium oxide nanoparticle, ROS: reactive oxygen species).

(a)

(b)